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Yom Kippur: Rosh Hashanah
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The concluding service of Yom Kippur, known as Ne'ilah, is one unique to the day. It usually runs about 1 hour long. The ark (a cabinet where the scrolls of the Torah are kept) is kept open throughout this service... you must stand throughout the service. There is a tone of desperation in the prayers of this service. The service is sometimes referred to as the closing of the gates; think of it as the “last chance” to get in a good word before the holiday ends. The service ends with a very long blast of the shofar. See Rosh Hashanah for more about the shofar and its characteristic blasts.
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Yom Kippur is literally translated "Day of Covering". It was on this day that the sins one commits during the year are atoned for or "covered" in God’s sight. The Day of Atonement, as it is commonly called, falls nine days after Rosh Hashanah on the tenth day of Tishri. It is the tenth and final day of the "Days of Awe" when one’s fate for the coming year is sealed by God in the Book of Remembrance. It is a Shabbat Sabbaton, a Sabbath of solemn rest prescribed in Leviticus 23
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Yom Kippur marks the culmination of the Ten Penitential Days, which begin with Rosh Hashanah, or the Jewish New Year. With Rosh Hashanah it constitutes the so-called High Holy Days. Yom Kippur is a day of confession, repentance, and prayers for forgiveness of sins committed during the year against the laws and covenant of God.
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Yom Kippur, the Day of Atonement, occurs on the 10th day of Tishrei, 10 days after Rosh Hashanah. Jewish tradition believes that on this day God places a seal upon the Divine decrees affecting each person for the coming year. In other words, decisions of life and death, peace and prosperity have all been decided and are now sealed. The Book of Life is closing on this day.
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A good part of Yom Kippur is spent in shul (synagogue), in prayer. Services begin early in the morning (anywhere from 7 to 9 AM) and continue until the late afternoon. There usually is a small break after which the afternoon and evening services continue until nightfall. The services end at nightfall, with the blowing of the Tekia Gedolah, a long blast of the shofar. See The Story of Rosh Hashana for more about the shofar and its characteristic blasts.
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Yom Kippur is ten days after Rosh Hashanah, the Jewish New Year and takes place on the ninth Day of the Hebrew month of Tishri. In the Jewish calendar the months are based on the moon and the years on the sun, which means that Jewish festivals move about the Western calendar from year to year. The lunar year is eleven days shorter than the solar year. To ensure that the festivals are celebrated in thir proper seasons, an additional month has to be inserted seven times in 19 years, adjusting the lunar to the solar year. Yom Kippur falls in September or October.
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