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Women in Italy: Italian Constitution
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Education of women in the Renaissance was an issue of civic concern in Northern Italy and of Christian concern in England. This difference developed in part from the form of humanism that had come to dominance in each region. Civic humanism had developed in the Northern Italian city-states, where an education facilitated expected participation in the political process. Women were more likely to be educated, and to receive a broader education than women in England, so that they might promote civic virtue in their male children. In contrast, Christian humanism gained pre-eminence in monarchical, agrarian England where expectations for political participation in were lower. Women were far less likely to receive an education, and its purpose was to promote Christian virtue and piety rather than civic participation.
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The module will examine women's political and social activities over a period of considerable change in Italy, with particular attention to issues of gender (the vote, divorce, abortion, feminism, family roles). Shifts in cultural practices are traced chronologically, geographically and thematically by drawing on a combination of historical and other women's sources. During the Autumn term, a series of writings on and by women will be explored, from the socialist movement to Fascism, the Second World War, the Italian Constituent Assembly and the First Republic. In the Spring term, the module will focus, in particular, on the implications of women's presence in political life as well as on feminist theorising on specific themes such as 'differenza', 'genealogie', and 'affidamento'. Students following programmes other than those involving Italian will ... be welcomed.
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"The intransigent position promoted by Pope Benedict XVI on abortion has propelled women to make this stance: women from all over Italy getting together after decades of inactivity to fight for womens rights. The attitude of the new Pope is provoking a wide reaction in progressive circles of Italian society; people are worried about the constant interference of the Vatican into State matters."
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Italy's sexiest women all come from the television business. In most cases, they started off their careers as showgirls/dancers in popular tv programmes. This phenomenon has become such a custom in Italy that these girls were given particular names after the programmes from veline to letterine, to schedine and so on. This was the necessary first step for these women to gain their popularity. Some of these lovely ladies became lingerie models. Most end up on the calendars of Max or GQ at some point. And nearly all of them end up marrying or going out with famous Italian footballers.
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Women's political activities cut across the political differences among those working for unification. Most women activists were influenced by Mazzini to some degree, and during the decade 1860-1870, Mazzinian women significantly contributed to the revolutionary movement for the liberation of Venetia and of Rome. But by 1870 a number of them had altered their political ideas, in some cases moving to the right, in others to the left. Sormani, for example, abandoned democratic republicanism for constitutional monarchism as early as 1853, after the failure of a Mazzinian uprising. Other women activists supported unification under the Savoyard monarchy in the women's committees of the Italian National Society. These committees ultimately overshadowed the society itself.
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This is the first book which gives a general overview of women as subject-matter in Italian Renaissance painting. It presents a view of the interaction between artist and patron, and ... of the function of these paintings in Italian society of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries.
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Italian Constitution