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Women in Italy: Countries
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According to police figures, 7,400 women in the north African country of 33 million were victims of violence in 2005, up from 5,845 in 2004. "The figures don't say much. The big problem is most victims don't complain," said Larab. "They stay silent, fear reprisals by society. A woman does not have the right to complain."
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Foreign women in "call girl" prostitution in Italy are from Poland, Russia, Colombia and Argentina and to a lesser extent from Brazil, Hungary, Romania and the Philippines. Frequently they have been in prostitution in their home country.
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[M]any migrant and immigrant women in various countries report a sense of dual nationality, or dual or even triple cultural identities. (Spear, 1997) These variable female multicultural personas interact with their families or the outside world, its agencies, jobs and social facilities, depending upon the individual's need or the persona's usefulness on any particular day. This is not to say the cultural identities or personas are false, only that they are flexible, varied and that their manifestation may be pragmatic. Studies show that slowly, but increasingly, some women migrants report a sense of a European cultural identity, although some continue to feel that "European" means northern European, and ... excludes them (Spear, 1997).
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There is no specific legislation in Italy that defines the crime of trafficking in women. However, various aspects of Italian legislation deal indirectly with the issue. Law n.75 of 20 February l958 "for the Abolishment of previous rules on prostitution and the fight against exploiting others' prostitution", better known as the Merlin Law, de-criminalizes the crime of prostitution if it is practiced privately, forbids prostitution in brothels, (which was previously controlled by the State), but criminalizes those who exploit prostitutes or who lead women into prostitution. This includes foreign women. Under this law (Article 3) it is a crime "to encourage or to transfer a woman into another place or another State, in order to practice prostitution;" "for national or foreign organizations to recruit persons for prostitution". Such crimes are punishable even if executed in a foreign country.
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More than 8,000 Albanian girls are prostituted in Italy, and more than 30% of them are under 18 years, stressed participants of a seminar in Tirana, Albania on the international traffic of women and children. The main reason for this trafficking is the economic inequality between richer countries and the poverty in Albania. The speakers asked governments and politicians to take measures to ensure that human rights are respected. (G.J. Koja, "8000 Albanian Girls Work as Prostitutes in Italy," HURINet The Human Rights Information Network, 25 July 1998)
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In 1999 it was renamed into the Women's Independent Democratic Movement (WIDM). Starting from the first days of its existence the organization took active part in political, civic and cultural life of the country. WIDM had very close connection with Belarusian Christian-Democratic Party. Until 1996 WIDM had been a collective member of Belarusian National Front with the presentation at the Soim of BNF. WIDM took part in the election campaigns and large political actions supporting the process of democratization in the country.
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