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Wolfenstein
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In Wolfenstein-3D you are a soldier fighting the Nazi's on their home turf during World War II. The game is played from a first person perspective. You have six different missions to complete, each requiring you to navigate through up to 6 levels of a strongly defended castle, laboratory, or other Nazi outpost. Mission objectives include the assassination of Hitler. High resolution graphics depict what your character sees as you move down hallways, open doors, etc. The foes you face range from guard dogs and measly pistol packing Nazis to more fearsome opponents like three-armed zombies and buffed-out chaingun toting bosses.
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Wolfenstein 3D (originally Wolfenstein 3-D, commonly abbreviated to Wolf 3D) is a video game that is generally regarded as having popularized the first person shooter genre on the PC. It was created by id Software and published by Apogee Software. Released on May 5, 1992 for DOS, the game was inspired by the 1980s Muse Software computer games Castle Wolfenstein and Beyond Castle Wolfenstein. It has been ported to a wide variety of systems, including 3DO, Super NES, Game Boy Advance, Acorn Archimedes, Atari Jaguar, and the Apple IIGS.
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Wolfenstein 3D sprites include only "head-on" attack sequences. Because that engine did not allow monster infighting, it was unnecessary to depict other angles, and id Software did not make new sprites for Doom II showing these other angles. Therefore, the SS Nazi always appears to face the player when firing, no matter where the actual target is, which can be confusing because the SS Nazi are just as likely to engage in infighting and killing each other as the other former humans are. Also, one of the aiming frames has pink pixels between the legs, possibly due to a palette conversion error. In Wolfenstein palette editors, that color or a very similar one is often used to represent "transparent."
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Wolfenstein 3D anticipated the first-person shooter games that continue to be popular today. There were few imitations or clones until Doom's release in 1993. The other most notable games are Rise of the Triad in 1994 and Duke Nukem 3D in 1996. Most of these games were distributed via the same shareware strategy as Wolfenstein 3D.
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A Wolfenstein total conversion for Doom ... exists (the Wolfendoom series), created by Laz Rojas, which uses the Doom engine and DeHackEd files to recreate an enhanced version of the Wolfenstein environment. All of the original levels are meticulously reproduced, but Rojas has also created a number of extremely atmospheric standalone missions following the theme of fighting Nazis in a WWII setting, such as "Operation Arctic Wolf", "Astrostein", and "Operation Rheingold", which push the engine to its limits with new weapons, enemies, maps, and special effects. Since releasing a special edition of "Operation Arctic Wolf" in 2003 after a three year hiatus, Rojas has not updated his site any further, although updates of "Arctic Wolf" have emerged on a sporadic basis.
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Wolfenstein 3D is generally credited as being responsible for the first-person shooter craze that continues to this day. There were surprisingly few clones until Doom's release in 1993, the most notable being Rise of the Triad in 1994 and Duke Nukem 3D in 1996. Most of these games were distributed via the same shareware strategy as the original.
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