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William Henry Harrison: Battle
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William Henry Harrison was the son of a signer of the Declaration of Independence, and his grandson, Benjamin Harrison, would later become president. A hero of the battle of Tippecanoe, where he defeated Shawnee warriors and their chief Tecumseh, Harrison would unfortunately not have the opportunity to savor the popularity that got him elected president. After delivering the longest ever inaugural address on a very cold and windy March day, Harrison developed pneumonia and died exactly a month after his inauguration.
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Harrison attended Hampden-Sydney College and studied medicine briefly under Benjamin Rush in Philadelphia before joining (1791) the army and taking part in campaigns against Native Americans in the Northwest Territory. In 1798 he resigned to become secretary of the territory, and the next year he became territorial delegate to Congress. He helped secure the division of the territory into Ohio and Indiana and served (1800–1812) as governor of Indiana Territory at Vincennes. He was perhaps more important than any other man in opening Ohio and Indiana to settlement, negotiating a number of treaties with various tribes, notably the Treaty of Fort Wayne (1809). Native American opposition to the white advance then concentrated in hostile demonstrations directed by Tecumseh. Harrison engaged the forces of Tecumseh at the famous battle of Tippecanoe.
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This papier-mâché snuffbox is an example of the plethora of campaign paraphernalia that was created for William Henry Harrison's successful campaign for the presidency in 1840. Harrison's image is painted on the top of the box, while the bottom shows a scene from the Battle of Tippecanoe. The snuff box was manufactured in England. It measures 5.31 by 3.54 inches (13.5 by 9 cm). Snuffboxes were used to hold powdered tobacco, which was popular in the nineteenth century.
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Harrison remained in the Army until May 31, 1798, rising to the rank of captain. As aide-de-camp to Gen. Anthony Wayne, he was cited for bravery at the Battle of Fallen Timbers on Aug. 20, 1794, and the following year he witnessed and signed the Treaty of Greenville. He then was ordered to Fort Washington, where he served for a time as commandant.
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The preparations completed, General Wayne marched northward in the summer of '94 to revenge St. Clair's defeat, taking with him General Scott, General Wilkinson, and Lieutenant Harrison, as aides. Scott's mounted infantry accompanied the army, and was very useful. Wayne was a very different commander indeed from St. Clair. He was careful, vigilant, and promised to shoot anyone who fled from battle, overcoming a great defect of American armies. He did not despise the aid of militia who knew the country and effective tactics. On 20 August 1794 he met the Indian allies at Fallen Timbers near the rapids of the Maumee River, where a tornado had thrown down many trees a few years earlier, and was victorious.
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The Whigs ... played up Harrison's military record and reputation as the hero of the Battle of Tippecanoe. Their campaign slogan, "Tippecanoe and Tyler Too," became one of the most famous in American politics.
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