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Welfare: Child Welfare
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Welfare systems are formalized versions of types of social support that societies have always maintained. In all societies since the beginning of civilization, able-bodied adults have worked to support themselves as well as to provide for young, elderly, and disabled family members and, often, nonfamily members. In ancient societies nonproductive members (the elderly, the disabled, and weaker children) seldom survived for long; in some cases, they were sacrificed for the good of the whole. By the Middle Ages in Europe, such vulnerable individuals were surviving longer and societies began to establish formal economic arrangements for giving charity to those in need. Donations by churches and from local feudal lords and other wealthy individuals supported hospitals, orphanages, and almshouses (publicly funded homes for the poor).
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Welfare really has two meanings. In one sense, it refers to all government programs providing benefits to impoverished Americans. The major programs are Medicaid, Food Stamps, Supplemental Security Income (SSI) and HUD housing programs. When the public and politicians speak of welfare, they are generally referring to what was Aid to Families With Dependent Children (AFDC) and is now Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF). This cash assistance program is primarily provided to single parents. The TANF program has always been a relatively small part of the overall welfare scheme.
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* Welfare rolls have dropped 60.7 percent for individuals and 54.7 percent for families. * The child poverty rate has dropped from 20.5 percent to 17.6 percent. * The poverty rate for African-American children has dropped from 39.9 percent to 33.6 percent. * The poverty rate for Hispanic children has dropped from 40.3 percent to 29.7 percent.
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Welfare was first established as a federal program during the Great Depression. In 1935, Congress enacted Aid to Dependent Children (ADC), a relatively modest program focused primarily on widows, orphans, divorced or deserted mothers and their children. By 1939, ADC covered only about 700,000 people, and at least two-thirds of eligible children were not covered.
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This scheme is operated within the Supplementary Welfare Allowance Scheme and gives assistance towards the cost of clothing and footwear for children of school going age. The scheme operates from the start of June to the end of September each year.
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Child Welfare