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Warsaw: Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
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The Warsaw Uprising, not to be confused with the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943, is a strong statement testifying to the spirit and soul of not only Varsovians, but all Poles. After five years under German occupation, the leaders of the Polish underground resistance decided to fight back against the Nazi terrorists. With over 45,000 troops already in Warsaw, the Home Army (... referred to as the "AK") and several allied organizations took up strategic locations around the city and began the Uprising. Nationwide, there was 400,000 or so troops involved in the resistance. The Uprising was to begin at the "W-hour", or on August 1st, 1944 at 5PM, however, because the order wasn't prepared in time the liaisons and couriers were unable to get the word out in time because of the curfew in force. In the the city center, and the districts of Wola and Żoliborz fighting broke out before the "W-hour".
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On April 19, 1943, the Warsaw ghetto uprising began after German troops and police entered the ghetto to deport its surviving inhabitants. Seven hundred and fifty fighters fought the heavily armed and well-trained Germans. The ghetto fighters were able to hold out for nearly a month, but on May 16, 1943, the revolt ended. The Germans had slowly crushed the resistance. Of the more than 56,000 Jews captured, about 7,000 were shot, and the remainder were deported to killing centers or concentration camps.
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During the Second World War central Poland, including Warsaw, came under the rule of the General Government, a Nazi colonial administration. All higher education institutions were immediately closed and Warsaw's entire Jewish population — several hundred thousand, some 30% of the city — herded into the Warsaw Ghetto. When the order came to annihilate the Ghetto as part of Hitler's "final solution", Jewish fighters launched the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising. Despite being heavily outgunned and outnumbered, the Ghetto held out for almost a month. When the fighting ended, almost all survivors were massacred, only a few managed to escape or hide.
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Between 22nd July and 3rd October 1942, 310,322 Jews were deported from the Warsaw ghetto to these extermination camps. Information got back to the ghetto what was happening to those people and it was decided to resist any further attempts at deportation. In January 1943, Heinrich Himmler gave instructions for Warsaw to be "Jew free" by Hitler's birthday on 20th April.
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During the Nazi occupation, Warsaw's population drastically declined: as many as 670,000 residents died, including the city's 375,000 Jews, who were systematically exterminated by the Nazis, along with the Polish intellectual and cultural elite. The city's revolutionary traditions were continued with the Warsaw Ghetto Uprising of 1943 and the Warsaw Uprising of 1944, after which Hitler ordered the city depopulated and physically erased. Over 85% of the capital's buildings were systematically burned and destroyed.
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In the summer of 1942, about 300,000 Jews were deported from Warsaw to Treblinka. When reports of mass murder in the killing center leaked back to the Warsaw ghetto, a surviving group of mostly young people formed an organization called the Z.O.B. (for the Polish name, Zydowska Organizacja Bojowa, which means Jewish Fighting Organization). The Z.O.B., led by 23-year-old Mordecai Anielewicz, issued a proclamation calling for the Jewish people to resist going to the railroad cars. In January 1943, Warsaw ghetto fighters fired upon German troops as they tried to round up another group of ghetto inhabitants for deportation. Fighters used a small supply of weapons that had been smuggled into the ghetto.
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Warsaw Ghetto Uprising