LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Warm Springs: Warm Springs Reservation
built 660 days ago
The Warm Springs Reservation, established in 1855, is home to three groups of Indians: Wasco (Dalles, Ki-gal-twal-la, and Dog River), Warm Springs (Upper and Lower Deschutes, Teninoo, and John Day), and Northern Paiute who moved to the reservation in the 1880s. Apart from the Northern Paiute who relied less on fish protein, residents have traditionally lived along and depended upon the Columbia River. The Columbia River and its tributaries like the Deschutes and John Day rivers provided Indians with an enormous supply of salmon, trout, whitefish, suckers, and eels. Salmon were key to an extensive economic trade centered at The Dalles and extending from the Coast to the Great Plains.
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The Warm Springs tribes are seeking to convert their Cascade Locks property into trust status, which is required before they could build a casino on off-reservation land. The federal Bureau of Indian Affairs will base its decision about trust status in part on an environmental impact statement, currently being drafted by an independent consultant. A final statement could be complete this winter, according to a timeline on the consultant's Web site, and the BIA would issue a decision sometime after that.
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The people of the Warm Springs Reservation trace their ancestry from Indian bands which lived east of the Cascade Mountains in Oregon for thousands of years. Many still speak their native languages and observe ancient tribal customs. As their ancestors did, tribal members fish with dip nets from scaffolding over falls in the Deschutes River. They dig roots in the meadows, and they harvest huckleberries in the foothills. While they respect the old ways, they ... work as school teachers, loggers, fishermen, entrepreneurs, and administrators.
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Warm Springs became the political and economic center of the 600,000-acre reservation that comprises much of the northern part of Central Oregon. In 1937, the three tribes adopted a constitution, Bill of Rights and bylaws for tribal government, and in 1938 formally accepted a corporate charter from the United States for business endeavors. During the period between 1940 and 1970 The Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs came to be known as leaders among Native Americans in self-preservation, self-determination, and innovation for economic development efforts.
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Encompassing over 1,000 square miles in north-central Oregon, the Warm Springs Reservation was established by treaty between the United States and the bands of the Warm Springs and Wasco tribes in 1855 as a permanent home for the Indians. Uprooted from their homes along the Columbia River by the rush of settlers to the Oregon Territory, these Indians agreed to accept the United States' promises that it would protect and provide for them. In exchange for the reservation, these tribes gave up their claims to over ten million acres...lands they had occupied since time immemorial. But in addition, the tribes retained their rights to fish, hunt, and gather foods in their usual and accustomed places and to govern their own affairs.
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The John Day Basin Office of the Confederated Tribes of Warm Springs Reservation of Oregon is dedicated to Restoration of the John Day Basin and Improvement of Economic Growth and Stability in the area. The Forrest and Oxbow Conservation Areas, Watershed Restoration program and Monitoring program operate out of the John Day Basin Office. The office offers a wide variety of public opportunities and landowner assistance programs.
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Warm Springs Reservation