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War Propaganda: War Propaganda Bureau
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The War Propaganda Bureau under the initial leadership of Charles Masterman was created in September 1914. By mid-1915, it had printed and circulated over 2.5 million books, speeches, official documents and pamphlets outlining the Allied position. Masterman enlisted the help of numerous prestigious writers (including Thomas Hardy, H G Wells and John Masefield) and newspaper editors in the British propaganda effort. He ... commissioned films about the war such as The Battle of the Somme, which appeared in August 1916.
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All the writers present at the conference agreed to the utmost secrecy, and it was not until 1935 that the activities of the War Propaganda Bureau became known to the general public. Several of the men who attending the meeting agreed to write pamphlets and books that would promote the government's view of the situation. The bureau got commercial companies to print and publish the material. This included Hodder & Stoughton, Methuen, Oxford University Press, John Murray, Macmillan and Thomas Nelson.
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Early Canadian Second World War propaganda, produced largely under the auspices of the Bureau of Public Information, was informative, word- rather than image-driven, and often relied on humour to relay its messages. Later, wartime demands led to a change of tactics. More aggressive, design-driven, and often sombre propaganda campaigns focused on building unity, harnessing collective energy, and demonstrating the evils of fascism. They ... celebrated Canadian achievements in combat, and inspired people with the promise of a better postwar world.
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Oberlin College Library Special Collections has a collection of approximately two inches of pamphlets, speeches, newsletters, information briefs, and other forms of propaganda from the Spanish Civil War – primarily from 1937 and 1938. This propaganda is mostly anti-fascist. The majority of documents in our collection are in English, and derive from speeches delivered in the United States by Spanish diplomats; the Spanish Embassy in the United States (and its Bureau of Information); the Spanish News Service; the American Friends of Spanish Democracy; as well as other sources. A few of the newsletters of the time are in Spanish. Other languages represented are French and German.
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On 2nd September, 1914, Masterman invited twenty-five leading British authors to Wellington House, the headquarters of the War Propaganda Bureau, to discuss ways of best promoting Britain's interests during the war. Those who attended the meeting included Arthur Conan Doyle, Arnold Bennett, John Masefield, Ford Madox Ford, William Archer, G. K. Chesterton, Sir Henry Newbolt, John Galsworthy, Thomas Hardy, Rudyard Kipling, Gilbert Parker, G. M. Trevelyan and H. G. Wells.
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Almost immediately after war broke out, David Lloyd George was charged with setting up a War Propaganda Bureau. The WPB had a big task ahead - Britain needed recruits for the army and navy. Lloyd George ... understood that propaganda could be used for a number of purposes:
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War Propaganda Bureau