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War in Literature: Civil War
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From his experience in the Spanish Civil War came Hemingway's great novel, For Whom the Bell Tolls (1940), which, in detailing an incident in the war, argues for human brotherhood. His novella The Old Man and the Sea (1952) celebrates the indomitable courage of an aged Cuban fisherman. Among Hemingway's other works are the novels To Have and Have Not (1937) and Across the River and into the Trees (1950); he ... edited an anthology of stories, Men at War (1942). Posthumous publications include A Moveable Feast (1964), a memoir of Paris in the 1920s; the novels Islands in the Stream (1970) and True at First Light (1999), a safari saga begun in 1954 and edited by his son Patrick; and The Nick Adams Stories (1972), a collection that includes previously unpublished pieces.
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Two of the best covered figures in Civil War history are Generals Robert E. Lee and Ulysses S. Grant. The son of a Revolutionary War hero, Lee was a career army officer who commanded all Confederate armies as general-in-chief. Grant, who later became the 18th President of the United States, served as general-in-chief of the Union army. When Lee surrendered at Appomattox Court House on 9 April 1865, Grant penned the terms of surrender so as to prevent trials for treason.
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The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) has generated a vast bibliography and filmography that to this day reflect widely antagonistic interpretations of the conflict itself, its roots, and its impact. From the Spanish perspective, the war is the most important single event in understanding modern Spain. The ideals, passions, and consequences of the Spanish Civil War still divide Spaniards and have been recreated and relived by writers, artists, and filmmakers, and debated by historians. The course will begin with a historical introduction to the origins, development, and outcome of the war. Was the Spanish war a national struggle or an international struggle played out on Spanish soil? Along with studying internal Spanish political divisions, we will ... consider the impact of the foreign policy positions of other countries-including Germany, Italy, the United States, and Russia-vis-a-vis Spain, as well as the role of the thousands of foreign volunteers who formed the International Brigades and came from all over the world to fight against Franco.
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The Spanish Civil War (1936-1939) was the first military conflict at the national scale between the rising force of fascism and precarious new democracies in southern Europe. Its result, the installation of a forty-year military dictatorship under Francisco Franco and the enthronement of a highly dogmatic and invasive form of Roman Catholicism, runs counter to the usual American view of the Second World War as the definitive annihilation of fascist ideology in Europe.
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In energetic and vivid poems, Carmine Sarracino pursues the sad saga of war -- excitement and flag-waving yielding to drudgery and death, terror and horror laying siege to courage and high purpose. Although set in the Civil War, the story Sarracino tells is not so much about Yankees and Confederates as about individual human beings, whatever their loyalties or geography, reeling under war's impartial and unforgiving impact. The eager preparations: "Fishing mates, pranksters, hunting pards./Enlisting together, boarding trains together…./Swearing great oaths. Posing for ambrotypes./Goosing one another with the muzzles of rifles./Sharing canteens, blanketrolls, last hardtack crackers." And the aftermath: "Bodies, no heads./Legs, no bodies. Heads./A solitary heap of insides here."
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This collection of essays on Hemingway and For Whom the Bell Tolls provides a long overdue reassessment of this Spanish Civil War novel and demonstrates its centrality in the author's life and canon, reestablishing the book's status as an American masterpiece. Following Sanderson's introduction, the book begins with a reconsideration of Hemingway's career by Kurt Vonnegut. Ten literary essays by both well-known scholars and new voices follow. Employing a diversity of critical methods, including the biographical, historical, political, textual, ethical, feminist, religious, mythic, generic, and post-structuralist, these essays reveal the literary and historical richness of Hemingway's novel.
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