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1. Hangul -- Consonants
   Hangul is a featural script. Scripts may transcribe languages at the level of morphemes (logographic scripts like hanja), of syllables (syllabic scripts like kana), or of segments (alphabetic scripts like the one you're reading here). Hangul goes one step further, using distinct strokes to indicate distinctive features such as place of articulation (labial, coronal, velar, or glottal) and manner of articulation (plosive, nasal, sibilant, aspiration) for consonants, and iotation (a preceding i- sound), harmonic class, and I-mutation for vowels.
2. Hebrew -- Consonants
   All Hebrew consonant phonemes are represented by a single letter. Although a single letter might represent two phonemes — the letter "bet," for example, represents both /b/ and /v/ — the two sounds are always related "hard" (plosive) and "soft" (fricative) forms, their pronunciation being very often determined by context. In fully pointed texts, the hard form normally has a dot, known as a dagesh, in its center.
3. Mishnah -- Oral Torah
   Before the Mishnah was compiled, Judaism consisted of the written Torah and an oral tradition which clarified the written Torah. Both the written and oral tradition were believed to have been given to Moses by God.
4. Y -- Miscellaneous
   The Modern English use of Y is a direct continuation of this Middle English use. Thus the words myth [of Greek origin] and gift [of Old English origin], which originally contained high front rounded vowels, both have
5. Old English Alphabet -- Modern English
   Students use the University of Virginia on-line Old English Practice sentences to emulate the audio of Old English speakers and Modern English speakers who use Old English vowel inflections. First, have students become acquainted with the subtle vowel changes which can be foreign to speakers of American English. Perhaps students can work in pairs, listening carefully to one another's mimicry, noting any differences. Students access these Modern English sentences by clicking on Practice Sentences A. Two options for listening are enabled. The WAV files are described as more clear, but they are larger files to download. The WAV files are best for those with a fast connection; WINAMP will read them.
6. Hebrew Alphabet -- Words
   The Hebrew word for "alphabet" is אלפבית (alephbet), named after the first two letters of the Hebrew alphabet. The Hebrew alphabet is an abjad, having letters for consonants, but means were later devised to indicate vowels by separate vowel points or niqqud. In rabbinic Hebrew, the consonant letters אהוי are used as matres lectionis to represent vowels.
7. Pinyin -- Mandarin Pinyin
   Pinyin is a Romanization system used to learn Mandarin. It transcribes the sounds of Mandarin using the western (Roman) alphabet. Pinyin is most commonly used in Mainland China for teaching school children to read and it is ... widely used in teaching materials designed for Westerners who wish to learn Mandarin.
8. Australian English -- Americans
   Some Australian English vowels sound different to vowels of other kinds of English. For example, the vowel in day starts with a very open mouth. This makes the Australian day sound close to the die of most British or American people.
9. Tengwar
   Writing Quenya with Tengwar is relativity easy, just remember that Tengwar is a phonetic alphabet. Words are written exactly as they are spoken. Typically the Tengwar (consonant letters) are written first, then the Tehtar (vowel symbols) are written above the appropriate consonant. In Quenya, and other languages that end most words with vowels, the Tehta is placed above the previous Tengwar letter. To read Quenya/Tengwar script you would read each Tengwar letter, then the Tehtar vowel symbol above it (in an upward motion), before going on to the next Tengwar/Tehtar letter combination. For example:
10. Pig Latin -- Words
    There are several different methods or rule sets for creating pig Latin, and while there are certain elements that are pretty standard in the various versions, other elements may differ. Capitalization is generally used, as in English, for the first letter of sentences, the first letter of proper nouns, and other words that are customarily capitalized. The use of the sound and letters ay is pretty consistent, but not universal. Note that more distant variants use other vowel sounds, and may add a vowel sound after every syllable rather than after every word. Whether or not to use hyphens before the material added to the end is another matter on which practitioners differ – since pig Latin is primarily a spoken language, it doesn’t always come up.

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