LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Vomiting: Treatments
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Vomiting associated with cancer treatments can often be treated with another type of drug therapy. There are ... prescription and nonprescription drugs that can be used to control vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness and some forms of dizziness. However, consult with your doctor before using these treatments.
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Vomiting associated with surgery, radiation therapy, anticancer drugs, alcohol, and morphine can often be treated with another type of drug therapy. There are ... prescription and nonprescription drugs that can be used to control vomiting associated with pregnancy, motion sickness, and vertigo. However, you should consult with your health care provider before using these treatments.
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Practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine use acupuncture, ear acupuncture, herbals, and patent medicines in the treatment of vomiting. The following herbals may be made into soups, which are sipped frequently: Lu Gen (Rhizoma phragmitis); Zhu Ru (Caulis bambusae in taeniis), Bai Mao Gen (Rhizoma imperatae), and Pi Pa Ye (Folium eriobotryae); and Huo Xiang (Herba agastachis) and Pei Lan (Herba eupatorii). Placing a drop of Sheng Jiang (Rhizoma zingiberis recens) on the tongue can check vomiting. Patent medicines used to treat vomiting include: Huo Xiang Zheng Qi Wan (Agastache Pill to Rectify Qi), Yu Shu Dan (Jade Pivot Pill), Zuo Jin Wan (Left Metal Pill), and Bao He Wan (Preserve Harmony Pill).
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This review of nausea and vomiting is based on a MEDLINE literature search encompassing 1990-2000, using the MeSH headings Nausea and Vomiting with the subheadings Complications, Diagnosis, Drug Treatment, Treatment, Etiology, Psychology and Radiography. Certain articles, including placebo-controlled trials of therapy, comprehensive reviews and other publications deemed seminal, were reviewed and are referenced. Certain articles prior to 1990 were ... reviewed. The emphasis is placed on articles that provide evidence which can be incorporated into guidelines for diagnosis and management.
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Palonosetron hydrochloride, developed for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV), is a selective 5-HT3 receptor antagonist with strong binding affinity and an extended plasma half-life of approximately 40 hours. Results from Phase III clinical trials demonstrate that a single intravenous dose of palonosetron is effective in preventing both acute and delayed CINV in patients receiving moderately emetogenic chemotherapy, the most common chemotherapy regimens used in the treatment of cancer. Palonosetron is the only 5-HT3 receptor antagonist to be approved for this indication by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration.
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Because of the wide variety of disorders and stimuli that can cause it, vomiting may present the clinician with a major diagnostic challenge. A complete historical review with emphasis on all body systems is essential for determining a realistic and effective initial work-up plan and treatment protocol. Consideration of the following features is useful in assessing and diagnosing a patient with vomiting: (1) duration of signs,(2) signalment and past pertinent history, (3) environment and diet, (4) systems review (e.g., history of PU/PD, coughing and sneezing, dysuria or dyschezia, etc.), (5) time relation to eating (vomiting of undigested or partially digested food more than 8-10 hours after eating often indicates a gastric motility disorder [more common] or gastric outlet obstruction [less common]), (6) content of the vomitus (food, clear fluid, bile, blood, material with fecal odor), and (7) type and frequency of vomiting (projectile?, chronic intermittent?, cyclic?, morning vomiting only?).
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