LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Vomiting: Nausea
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Vomiting (... called [T]hrowing up or emesis) is the forceful expulsion of the contents of one's stomach through the mouth and sometimes the nose. Vomiting may result from many causes, ranging from gastritis or poisoning to brain tumors, or elevated intracranial pressure (ICP). The feeling that one is about to vomit is called nausea. It usually precedes, but does not always lead to vomiting. Antiemetics are sometimes necessary to suppress nausea and vomiting, and, in severe cases where dehydration develops, intravenous fluid may need to be administered to replace fluid volume.
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Vomiting and nausea are not illnesses but common complaints that go along with many diseases and conditions. The problems with nausea and vomiting are related to the cause. Nausea and vomiting from motion sickness or seasickness or cancer therapy can result in loss of water and electrolytes, which can lead to dehydration. Vomiting and nausea known as morning sickness may occur during pregnancy.
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Vomiting occurs when a child's stomach contents are forced up the esophagus and out of the mouth. Although nausea may accompany vomiting in adults and older children, children younger than age 3 are usually not able to tell you if they are having nausea. Most of the time vomiting is not serious. Home treatment will often ease your child's discomfort.
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Vomiting is emitting stomach contents from the mouth. This is not the same as regurgitation, which refers to emitting already swallowed food, and must be distinguished correctly. Vomiting is often related to or preceded by nausea, but both nausea-without-vomiting and vomiting-without-nausea are possible. Any nausea or vomiting symptom needs prompt professional medical investigation.
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Vomiting is to be differentiated from retching, regurgitation or rumination. Retching or dry heaves involves the same physiological mechanisms as vomiting, but occurs against a closed glottis; there is no expulsion of gastric contents. Regurgitation is the return of small amounts of food or secretions to the hypopharynx in the context of mechanical obstruction of the esophagus, gastroesophageal reflux disease or esophageal motility disorders. Rumination is similar to regurgitation, except small amounts of completely swallowed food are returned to the hypopharynx from the stomach and is often re-swallowed (2). Rumination is not associated with nausea.
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Vomiting may be preceded by nausea, which is often accompanied by increased autonomic nervous system activity, involving salivation, sweating, pallor, and low blood pressure. Just before vomiting occurs there are retrograde contractions in the upper small intestine and in the stomach which propel their contents up the oesophagus and into the mouth.
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