LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Vomiting: Fluids
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The vomiting reflex is triggered by stimulation of chemoreceptors in the upper GI tract and mechanoreceptors in the wall of the GI tract which are activated by both contraction and distension of the gut as well as by physical damage. A coordinating center in the central nervous system controls the emetic response. This center is located in the parvicellular reticular formation in the lateral medullary region of the brain. Afferent nerves to the vomiting center arise from abdominal splanchnic and vagal nerves, vestibulo-labyrinthine receptors, the cerebral cortex and the chemoreceptor trigger zone (CTZ).The CTZ lies adjacent in the area postrema and contains chemoreceptors that sample both blood and cerebrospinal fluid. Direct links exist between the emetic center and the CTZ. The CTZ is exposed to emetic stimuli of endogenous origin such as hormones associated with pregnancy and to stimuli of exogenous origin such as drugs (3).
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If your child drank/ate normally up to the first episode of vomiting, your child will not get dehydrated the first few hours of vomiting. Fluids offered when vomiting should replace the electrolytes and sugar lost by the body during the illness. "Clear liquids" are best. "Electrolyte Solutions" like Pedialyte are best to help your child get better faster. Plain water with no sugar or electrolytes is not a good idea. Gatorade, Sprite/7-UP, ginger ale, or even popsicles are considered clear liquids but often don't provide the best balance of electrolytes and glucose to offer during a vomiting illness.
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Certain consequences of vomiting require immediate treatment regardless of the cause. The diagnosis and treatment of conditions described in this section are outlined in (Table 2). If vomiting has been severe and protracted, intravascular volume depletion may have occurred, leading to orthostatic hypotension and renal insufficiency. Hypokalemic hypochloremic alkalosis results from loss of gastric hydrochloric acid, increased H+ loss due to renin-angiotensin-aldosterone and volume contraction. In these situations, intravascular access should be established and fluid resuscitation instituted prior to diagnostic studies.
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Liver failure causes vomiting as well as other signs depending on the type of liver disease. Other signs of liver disease may include seizures, jaundice (a yellow discoloration of the areas of skin not covered by fur), PU-PD and fluid accumulation in the belly or legs.
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Cola, tea, fruit juice, and sports drinks will not correctly replace fluid or electrolytes lost from vomiting. Nor will plain water. In addition, plain water will not replace electrolytes and may dilute electrolytes to the point of seizures.
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Whatever the cause, the effects of vomiting on the body follow from the loss of fluid and of the acid which the gastric juices normally contain. There can therefore be dehydration and disturbance of acid-base homeostasis, which have to be corrected if vomiting is persistent or severe.
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