LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Vomiting: Drugs
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Vomiting is coordinated in the vomiting center in the lateral medullary reticular formation in the pons. Receptors on the floor of the fourth ventricle of the brain represent a chemoreceptor trigger zone, stimulation of which can lead to vomiting. The chemoreceptor zone lies outside the blood-brain barrier, and can therefore be stimulated by blood-borne drugs that can stimulate vomiting, or inhibit it.
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Other drugs which commonly cause nausea and vomiting include estrogens, levodopa, bromocriptine and potassium and iron salts. For the latter two types of agents, gastric irritation may be the mechanism. Timolol eye drops can cause severe nausea and vomiting (115).
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An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side-effects of some opioid analgesics and chemotherapy directed against cancer.
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Electric stimulation of these centers induces vomiting, while destruction of the vomition centers renders animals very resistant to emetic drugs. The vomition centers receive afferent signals from at least four major sources:
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There is a vomiting ‘centre’ in the mid-brain which co-ordinates the complex neural reflexes that occur during vomiting. The centre may be activated by incoming fibres in the vagus nerves from the gut, by the vestibular system via auditory nerves, by higher centres in the central nervous system, and ... by input from a ‘trigger zone’ in the brain stem that is responsive to chemical stimulation by drugs, acidosis, and hypoxia.
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