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Vomiting: Conditions
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Vomiting is a complex process resulting from the coordinated interaction of nerve pathways, the brain, and muscles of the gastrointestinal system. The primary vomiting trigger point in the brain is called the area postrema. This structure is exposed to chemicals in the bloodstream and the cerebrospinal fluid (the fluid found in the brain and spinal cord). Scientific studies have shown that stimulation of the area postrema by a wide variety of drugs as well as bacterial toxins, radiation, and physiologic conditions, induces vomiting.
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Dehydraton: This condition is the first concern in vomiting. Fluid loss to the body can be very serious. Gator-Aide or Pedialyte are the common sources for fluid replenishment. However, you must give very small amounts to prevent more emesis. Solid food is not necessary in the first 24-48 hours. Sugared water; 1 tsp. per cup of water, is a simple way to keep up your friend’s energy level while the condition is correcting itself.
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Vomiting can be caused by many different things. Vomiting that lasts only one or two days is usually caused by infection, a reaction to medication, a toxin, uremia (accumulation of protein breakdown products in the bloodstream), and diabetic ketoacidosis (accumulation of toxins resulting from uncontrolled diabetes). Vomiting that lasts longer than one week can be caused by a long-term medical or psychiatric condition. Causes of vomiting include:
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Certain symptoms are typically associated with nausea and vomiting. Associated upper GI tract complaints such as bloating, early satiety, dysphagia and odynophagia should be sought. Dyspepsia can be associated with nausea. Lightheadedness, abdominal or chest pain, cough or hematemesis are symptoms that should prompt an assessment for conditions that may require immediate therapy regardless of the underlying cause of nausea and vomiting. A missed menstrual period, vertigo, arthralgias, low grade fevers and nausea and vomiting associated with motion are clues that suggest a condition that may be treated empirically . Symptoms that are severe, such as chest or abdominal pain, CNS symptoms, fever with chills, a history of an underlying systemic disease or of immunosuppression should prompt a diagnostic workup.
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The act of vomiting or throwing up is an uncomfortable--but amazing--process to help protect a person from serious injury or even death. It typically happens when a person eats or drinks something that the body deems as poisonous. Sometimes it is a result of toxins created by an illness or disease. There are ... situations where vomiting is an unnecessary side-effect to another condition, such as "morning sickness" for a pregnant woman.
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Treatment of vomiting depends upon the cause and severity but may include dietary changes, medications, and surgery. Replacement of lost fluids is an important component of treatment. Hospitalization may be required in some cases. Surgery may be needed to treat inflammatory conditions (such as cholecystitis) and physical abnormalities (such as blockage).
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