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Vitamin C: Studies
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Supplements of both Vitamin E and Vitamin C can improve outcomes of surgical patients, according to the Johns Hopkins Medical Letter. The medical publication, in its coming April edition, reports on a study of 600 patients that has been published in the Annals of Surgery. The study found that trauma patients who received Vitamin E and Vitamin C were "less likely to experience organ failure."
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[One] way to test vitamin C is to see what happens to matched groups over a period of time. Two teams of investigators have done this more than once, one team led by Dr. John L. Coulehan and the other by Dr. Terence Anderson. Dr. Coulehan's first study was done on 641 Navajo Indian children, half of whom received a placebo while the rest received 1,000 mg of vitamin C daily. A complicated system of judging the severity of head, throat and chest symptoms was used. The Coulehan team reported in 1974 that the vitamin C group had less severe colds, but other scientists who reviewed the study criticized the method of judging the severity of symptoms [12].
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University of California researchers recently completed a double-blind, placebo-controlled study showing that vitamin C appears to reduce C-reactive protein (CRP), a marker of inflammation and predictor of heart disease. Study participants who took a little over 500 milligrams of vitamin C per day saw a 24% reduction in CRP after only two months. The study, published in April, is the first to show that vitamin C can decrease levels of CRP. Researchers, therefore, suggest further investigation be done to confirm their findings. Source: Journal of the American College of Nutrition, Volume 23, 2004
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Vitamin C has the ability to sequester the singlet oxygen radical, stabilize the hydroxyl radical, and regenerate reduced vitamin E back to the active state. These functions work to halt peroxidation of cellular lipid memebranes (21). Despite these functions the studies involving AA and lipid peroxidation are disappointing at best. Vitamin C has been shown to induce a lower-frequency fatigue (indicates less muscle damage) when compared with those deficient in the vitamin (18). A second study found that vitamin C does control reactive oxidant species formed during exercise (32). If not controlled these species have the ability to react with cell membranes and damage them, initiating lipid peroxidation.
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Results from the Seven Countries Study published in 1995 suggest that low vitamin C intake is linked to an increased risk of stomach cancer. In the 1960s, researchers collected detailed dietary information and in 1987, they assessed average food intakes. They then examined the links between this information and death from stomach cancer. The results showed that the average intake of vitamin C was strongly related to the risk of stomach cancer. However, vitamin C intake was not related to the risk of lung and colorectal cancer in this study.16 Other studies have shown similar results.17
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Vitamin C may keep the lens of the eye from being damaged by cigarette smoke and ultraviolet (UV) light, both types of exposure linked to cataract formation. One study showed that women who took vitamin C supplements for 10 years or more had a 77% lower risk of "lens opacities," the beginning stage of cataracts, than women who didn't use supplements. (14)
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