LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Violence: Women
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"Violence against women is an obstacle to the achievement of the objectives of equality, development and peace. Violence against women both violates and impairs or nullifies the enjoyment by women of their human rights and fundamental freedoms....In all societies, to a greater or lesser degree, women and girls are subjected to physical, sexual and psychological abuse that cuts across lines of income, class and culture. The low social and economic status of women can be both a cause and a consequence of violence against women.
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Violence was endemic in early modern Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean, and from the Urals to the British Isles. Serfs and peasants wielded knives and staffs, most gentlemen and merchants wore swords and/or pistols, and nobles and their numerous retainers were similarly armed. Even teenaged students carried knives in their schools, brawled in the streets, and operated as gangs. The weapons used were often determined by class, as were the instruments of public death. Thus while serfs and peasants were hanged, the aristocracy had the privilege of death by the sword; women were burned alive or drowned. Tempers were short in this society, and weapons were easy to hand.
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WASHINGTON, Jan. 4 /PRNewswire-USNewswire/ -- Cindy Dyer was confirmed as Director for the Office on Violence Against Women (OVW), the Department of Justice announced. Ms. Dyer was nominated to this position by President George W. Bush on Aug. 2, 2007 and confirmed by the U.S. Senate on Dec. 19, 2007. Prior to her appointment she was with the Dallas County, Texas, District Attorney's Office.
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Violence against women has been called "the most pervasive yet least recognized human rights abuse in the world." Accordingly, the Vienna Human Rights Conference and the Fourth World Conference on Women gave priority to this issue, which jeopardizes women's lives, bodies, psychological integrity and freedom. Violence may have profound effects – direct and indirect – on a woman's reproductive health, including:
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Violence can take many forms. In its classic form, it involves the use of physical force -- beating or torturing prisoners of war, raping women in the enemy camp, and, of course, the bombing and shooting that has made warfare so tragic since the dawn of the industrial age. Some observers claim that violence exists whenever force is used or threatened. For space reasons, this essay is limited to physical and political violence.
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This two-day training is for Legal Assistance for Victim (LAV) Grantee Attorneys of the United States Department of Justice, Office on Violence Against Women (OVW). Click here for more information and to register.
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