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Vilfredo Pareto: Miscellaneous
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Réduisant la théorie de Pareto sur les élites, ils justifient leur violence comme nécessaire pour maintenir l'ordre social. Le pouvoir qu'exerce l'élite, minoritaire, n'ayant in fine pas de fondement moral, la force peut être utilisée sans complexe et le régime trouve dès lors sa justification dans son succès.
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Pareto bevisade att 20% av den italienska befolkningen innehade 80% av egendomen. Denna observation har senare, av andra, generaliserats till den s.k. Paretoprincipen innebärande att 20% av orsakerna står för 80% av verkan.
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"Just as the weaknesses of the flesh delayed, but could not prevent, the triumph of Saint Augustine, so a rationalistic vocation retarded but did not impede the flowering of the mysticism of Pareto. For that reason, Fascism, having become victorious, extolled him in life, and glorifies his memory, like that of a confessor of its faith."
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L'optimum de Pareto est une généralisation des résultats que nous avons obtenus pour une économie d'échange. Tant qu'il est possible d'accroître par la réallocation des ressources la satisfaction ou ophélimité de certains sans nuire à d'autres, le critère du maximum d'ophélimité n'est pas atteint.
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If an economic system is Pareto efficient, then it is the case that no individual can be made better off without another being made worse off. It is commonly accepted that outcomes that are not Pareto efficient are to be avoided, and therefore Pareto efficiency is an important criterion for evaluating economic systems and public policies.
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This is a special case of the wider phenomenon of Pareto distributions. If the parameters in the Pareto distribution are suitably chosen, then one would have not only 80% of effects coming from 20% of causes, but ... 80% of that top 80% of effects coming from 20% of that top 20% of causes, and so on (80% of 80% is 64%; 20% of 20% is 4%, so this implies a "64-4 law").
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