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Vespasian: Flavius Vespasian
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Vespasian, in full Titus Flavius Vespasianus, Roman emperor from AD 70 to 79, was born on the 18th of November, AD 9, in the Sabine country near Reate. His father was a tax-collector and moneylender on a small scale; his mother was the sister of a senator. After having served with the army in Thrace and been quaestor in Crete ahd Cyrene, Vespasian rose to be aedile and praetor, having meanwhile married Flavia Domitilla, the daughter of a Roman knight, by whom he had two sons, Titus and Domitian, afterwards emperors both. Having already served in Germany, in the years 43 and 44, in the reign of Claudius, he distinguished himself in command of the 2nd legion in Britain under Aulus Plautius. He reduced Vectis (Isle of Wight) and penetrated to the borders of Somersetshire. In 51 he was for a brief space consul; in 63 he went as governor to Africa, where, according to Tacitus, his rule was "infamous and odious"; according to Suetonius, "upright and highly honorable."
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Vespasian was born at Falacrina near Sabine Reate on 17 November, A.D. 9, the son of T. Flavius Sabinus, a successful tax collector and banker, and Vespasia Polla. Both parents were of equestrian status. Few details of his first fifteen years survive, yet it appears that his father and mother were often away from home on business for long periods. As a result, Vespasian's early education became the responsibility of his paternal grandmother, Tertulla. [[1]] In about A.D. 25 Vespasian assumed the toga virilis and later accepted the wearing of the latus clavus, and with it the senatorial path that his older brother, T. Flavius Sabinus, had already chosen. [[2]] Although many of the particulars are lacking, the posts typically occupied by one intent upon a senatorial career soon followed: a military tribunate in Thrace, perhaps for three or four years; a quaestorship in Crete-Cyrene; and the offices of aedile and praetor, successively, under the emperor Gaius.
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Titus Flavius Vespasianus, known as Vespasian, was born in 9 AD in Reate (Rieti), north-west of Rome. He had a successful military career, commanding the second legion in the invasion of Britain in 43 AD and conquering the south-west of England. He later rose in the senate to become consul in 51 AD and governor of Africa a decade later. He became a trusted aide of the emperor Nero and was put in charge of the suppression of the Jewish Revolt (66 AD - 70 AD); by 68 AD most of Judaea was recovered, although Jerusalem remained to be taken.
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Flavius Vespasian was 56 years old when Emperor Nero turned to him to put down the rebellion in Judaea. The choice was a natural one. Vespasian had gained a great deal of military experience when he assisted in the subjugation of Britain under the Emperor Claudius, and since then had engaged in a standard political career as a governor of Africa and other provinces, with command of the associated armies. Of relatively humble origins and not greatly ambitious, Vespasian was seen as posing no threat to Nero's authority, although he had for a time been in Nero's disfavor, according to Suetonius, for "either leaving the room during the Emperor's song recitals, or staying and falling asleep." (The Twelve Caesars, Vespasian 4).
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After prompting from his mother, Vespasian followed his older brother... called Titus Flavius Sabinus, into public life. He served in the army as a military tribune in Thrace in 36. The following year he was elected quaestor and served in Crete and Cyrene. He rose through the ranks of Roman public office, being elected aedile on his second attempt in 39 and praetor on his first attempt in 40, taking the opportunity to ingratiate himself with the Emperor Caligula.
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Vespasian, whose full Latin name was Titus Flavius Vespasianus, was born near the little town of Reate in the Sabine backcountry of central Italy. He and his brother were the first members of the family to reach senatorial rank. After a distinguished but by no means spectacular career, including military service on the Rhine and in Britain, Vespasian was chosen by Nero to stamp out a revolt in Judea, as much because of his lack of political significance (due to his family background) as because of his military talents. Again, in Judea he exhibited firm competence rather than dashing brilliance.
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