LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Uzbekistan: Government
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Uzbekistan has battled a low-intensity insurgency since the late 1990s. Early this decade, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan (IMU) launched a number of small, cross-border raids. The IMU in summer 2001 allied itself with the Taliban government in Afghanistan, where most of its troops were then based, and subsequently engaged U.S. forces in Afghanistan.
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"U.S. lawyers and others familiar with political conditions in Uzbekistan say riots last week that left several hundred dead were the result of a drive for greater free enterprise, not terrorism – as the government says. … The demonstrators had been protesting harsh prison sentences sought for 23 businessmen accused of membership in a terrorist organization and of trying to overthrow the government.
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Uzbekistan declared independence on September 1 1991. Islam Karimov former First Secretary of the Communist Party was elected President in December 1991 with 88% of the vote; ... the election was not viewed as free or fair by foreign observers. Most government leaders are former Soviet or Communist officials; the dominant political party the People's Democratic Party of Uzbekistan is the former Communist Party.
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The government of Uzbekistan restricts foreign imports in many ways, including high import duties. Excise taxes are applied in a highly discriminatory manner to protect locally produced goods. Official tariffs are combined with unofficial, discriminatory charges resulting in total charges amounting to as much as 100 to 150% of the actual value of the product, making imported products virtually unaffordable.[29] Import substitution is an officially declared policy and the government proudly reports a reduction by a factor of two in the volume of consumer goods imported.[30] A number of CIS countries are officially exempt from Uzbekistan import duties.
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According to Salih, over 1,000 people were killed in the May 13 clash between government troops and protesters in the city of Andijon in eastern Uzbekistan. The government's account of events differs widely from that of witnesses and human rights monitors. Salih maintains that some of the approximately 1,000 killed were buried in mass graves, each containing 15 to 20 people, as well as thrown into the Karasu River. Approximately 18 flights left Andijon between May 13 and 14, carrying at least 35 bodies, he said. President Karimov contends that the chaos was sparked by armed "bandits and terrorists" who attacked and seized a prison, releasing hundreds of inmates, and that less than 200 people were killed.
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The official position is summarized in a memorandum "The measures taken by the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan in the field of providing and encouraging human rights" [5] and amounts to the following. The government does everything that is in its power to protect and to guarantee the human rights of Uzbekistan`s citizens. Uzbekistan continuously improves its laws and institutions in order to create a more humane society. Over 300 laws regulating the rights and basic freedoms of the people have been passed by the parliament. For instance, an office of Ombudsman was established in 1996 [6] . On August 2, 2005, President Islom Karimov signed a decree that was to abolish capital punishment in Uzbekistan on January 1, 2008.
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