LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Urban Poverty: Cities
built 442 days ago
Urban environmental problems are often blamed on poverty. Almost as often, urban affluence is viewed as an environmental burden. Meanwhile, middle-income cities are often cited as extreme examples of urban environmental distress. A stylised account of an urban environmental transition that can help explain these superficially contradictory claims in terms of the different environmental burdens typically associated with cities at different levels of affluence.
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In the recent period almost all the urban problems including poverty have been converging into environmental issues. For example, overcrowding in the cities in now-a-days viewed from an environmental angle. The management of urban space is another instance of the entry of environmental variables into the domain of city planning. The relationship between poverty and environment in the urban context is mediated through market forces and policy measures adopted by the governments.
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Most urban poverty results not from unemployment but instead from the lack of well-paying, steady jobs. The unemployment rate itself is relatively low in urban areas of most developing countries (41, 100). For example, in 155 surveyed cities in developing countries, three-quarters had unemployment rates at or below 15% (157). Nevertheless, poverty has risen as fewer people can find steady jobs with adequate wages.
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[H]ow much urban poverty is there? The scale and nature of urban poverty has been under-represented in the statistics of governments and international agencies. This is, in part, because income-based poverty lines are not adjusted to take into account the higher income needed to avoid poverty in most cities and, in part, because there are many non-income based aspects of deprivation. Nevertheless, the urban poor represent almost 1/3 of the urban dwellers in low- and middle-income countries in Africa, Asia, Latin America and the Caribbean, representing more than two-thirds of the world’s urban population.
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"The cities on the bottom of the list are older, big cities with a great deal of urban poverty," Anderson said. "Newer cities like Columbus and Houston have a higher percentage of middle-class Blacks than cities like Baltimore and St. Louis. In communities where you have a concentration of poor people you are going have a lot of urban ills."
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Poverty incidence in Bangladesh is expected to grow with rapid urbanization. The number of urban poor has increased from about 7 million in 1985 to 11.5 million today, or about half of the urban population. This figure is expected to increase to 15 million by the year 2000 and double within the next 20 years, according to the report which cited forecasts of the Centre of Urban Studies.
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