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Ural Mountains: Europe
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The Ural Mountains extend for 2,400 km (1,500 mi) from the Arctic Ocean in the north to the steppes of Kazakhstan in the south. The Urals are traditionally considered the boundary between the European and Asian continents.
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The Ural Mountains form the 1,500-mile boundary between the continents of Europe and Asia. Chapters discuss the mining and industrial history of the Urals, and the efforts by environmentalists to clean up one of the world's most polluted regions.
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URAL MOUNTAINS, a system of mountains which extends from the Arctic Ocean southwards nearly to the Caspian Sea, and is regarded as separating Europe from Asia. Russians describe them either as Kamen (stone) merely, or by the appropriate name of Poyas (girdle), while the name of Urals (Uraly,- derived either from the Ostyak [U]rr (chain of mountains) or from the Turkish aral-tau or ural-tau - has with them become a generic name for extensive mountain chains. Although the real structure of the Urals, both orographical and geological, is imperfectly ascertained, enough is known to warrant the statement that they have been affected by a series of separate upheavals, some having a north-western strike and some a north-eastern, and that they reach their maximum altitudes along a zone stretching nearly north and south. The composite nature of the Urals is best seen at the northern and southern extremities of the system, where the upheavals assume the character of distinct chains of mountains.
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Chelyabinsk (62 degrees of eastern longitude, 55.5 degrees of northern latitude) is located in the southern part of the Ural mountains approximately 1500kms to the east from Moscow. Chelyabinsk is the capital of the large Chelyabinsk region that occupies 87,900 square km. around the border of Europe and Asia in the southern part of the Urals. The population of Chelyabinsk was about 1.4 million people in 1997. Chelyabinsk region has a highly developed industry and occupies the fifth position in Russia (after Moscow city, St.Petersburg, Moscow and Sverdlovsk Oblast) by volume of industrial production.
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For its age of 250 to 300 million years, the elevation of the mountains is unusually high. They were formed in the late Carboniferous period, when western Siberia collided with eastern Baltica (~connected to Laurentia (North America) to form the minor supercontinent of Euramerica) and Kazakhstania to form the supercontinent of Laurasia. Later Laurasia and Gondwana collided to form the supercontinent of Pangaea. Europe and Siberia have remained joined together ever since.
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