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Union Army
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Many of the states of the U.S. South refused to celebrate Decoration Day, due to lingering hostility towards the Union Army and ... because there were very few veterans of the Union Army who lived in the South. Many Southern States did not recognize Memorial Day until after World War I since many veterans of World War I were from the south, although they continued to have a separate Confederate Memorial Day, with the date varying from state to state. A notable exception was Columbus, Mississippi, which in its 1866 Decoration Day commemorated both the Union and Confederate casualties buried in its cemetery.
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During the battle itself on the first three days of July 1863, the Union Army of the Potomac under Major General George G. Meade fought on the operational defensive. The Army of Northern Virginia under Robert E. Lee had been in the midst of its campaign through Pennsylvania when it engaged the Union army during that pivotal battle. Meade, in command of his army for less than a week, decisively countered the moves of his seasoned opponent. Lee's army was defeated, and Meade's thoughts turned to his next move.
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During the civil war the Union Army and the confederate Army fought. Both of these armies used spies to get information about the other. In the union army Allan Pinkerton ran the Union Secret Service and Brig. Lafayette C. Baker was the Chief of War Department detectives. Union spies are spies that worked for the Union army during the civil war. These spies were very careful not to get caught because they would get a huge consequence. Most of these spies are women such as Elizabeth Van Lew, Sarah Emma Edmonds, Pauline Cushman and Harriet Tubman.
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The recruitment process in the Union Army was affected by several factors at the State and Federal level. The relative strength of the State Governments in the North compared to the Federal Government at the outbreak of the Civil War was a considerable factor in the early stages of recruiting and organizing the Union Army. Overwhelming initial support from people for the war created control problems for both State and Federal leaders. Ironically, after the war began the States Rights Policy generally associated with the Southern States became more of a problem for the Union than for the Confederacy.
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The Union Army was composed of numerous units, mostly divided into departments , which were organized geographically, and armies , which assumed geographical names, but could operate over wider areas. Each of these major units was usually commanded by a major general . Some of the most prominent units were:
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Professor Thaddeus S. C. Lowe was one of the few elite American balloonists who sought the position of Chief Aeronaut for the Union Army.[2] Also vying for the position were Prof. John Wise, Prof. John LaMountain, and Ezra and James Allen. All these men were aeronauts of particular qualification in aviation of the day. Among them Lowe stood out as the most successful in balloon building and the closest to making a transatlantic flight.[3] His scientific record was held in high regard among colleagues of the day, to include one Prof. Joseph Henry of the Smithsonian Institution, who became his greatest benefactor.[4]
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