LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Uniform
built 192 days ago
Uniform advocates propose several different arguments. First, uniforms are argued to positively effect student safety by: lowering student victimization (Scherer 1991), decreasing gang activity and fights (Kennedy, 1995; Loesch, 1995), and differentiating strangers from students in the school building (Department of Justice, 1996; Gursky, 1996). Second, uniforms are asserted to increase student learning and attitudes towards school through: enhancing the learning environment (Stover, 1990), raising school pride (Jarchow, 1992), increasing student achievement (Thomas, 1994), raising levels of preparedness (Thomas, 1994), and promoting conformity to organizational goals (LaPointe, Holloman, and Alleyne, 1992; Workman & Johnson, 1994). Additionally, uniforms are attributed to decreasing behavior problems by: increasing attendance rates, lowering suspension rates, and decreasing substance use among the student body (Gursky, 1996). Finally, various psychological outcomes are attributed to wearing uniforms including: increased self-esteem (Thomas, 1994), increased spirit (Jarchow, 1992), and increased feelings of "oneness" among students (LaPointe, Holoman, & Alleyne, 1992).
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Uniform coats and jackets were made of dark blue material. Pants were ... dark blue. Later that year the government examined all uniforms that came from the factories. They stamped them to make them official before they were given to the troops.
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Nathan Joseph (1986) has formulated an analysis of clothing as communication which provides a framework within which uniform proponents claims can be better understood. He asserts that clothing can be considered a sign, which he defines as "anything that stands for something else." Clothing, as a sign, coveys information about values, beliefs and emotions. If the clothing that adolescents wear can be considered a sign, then that which they freely choose as individuals can be seen as conveying an expression of their personal identity. School uniforms, by contrast, are clothing which is selected by school officials and mandated to students. It is simple in style and color and it is intended to convey the institutional values of the school.
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