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Unicode: Unicode Consortium
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Unicode is a standard for computers to make them able to show text in different languages. Unicode standards are created by the Unicode Consortium. Their goal is to replace current character encoding standards with a single world-wide standard for all languages. There are almost 100'000 characters in the latest definition of Unicode.
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Unicode is a universal standard maintained by the International Standards Organization and the international Unicode Consortium, a standard which has been adopted by the internation World Wide Web Consortium as the standard method of encoding text for World Wide Web documents. Heretofore most ISO standards have had useful lives measured in decades; for instance, the ISO standard for text markup, SGML, was first adopted in 1981 and is today (in the forms of XML and HTML) the most widely used method of representing rich text documents in electronic form.
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Unicode is a universal character-encoding scheme that allows you to store information from any major language using a single character set. Unicode defines properties for each character, standardizes script behavior, provides a standard algorithm for bidirectional text, and defines cross-mappings to other standards. The current version 4 of the Unicode Standard, developed by the Unicode Consortium, assigns a unique identifier to each of 96,382 characters (increased from 95,156 in version 3.2), covering the scripts of the world's principal written languages and many mathematical and other symbols.
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The Unicode Consortium, based in California, develops the Unicode standard. Any company or individual willing to pay the membership dues may join this organization. Members include virtually all of the main computer software and hardware companies with any interest in text-processing standards, such as Adobe Systems, Apple, HP, IBM, Microsoft, Xerox and many others.
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The Unicode Consortium provides a series of P.D.F. charts organized by script block (e.g. Arabic, Greek, Math, etc). These charts provide the hexadecimal (base 16) codes. These must be converted to decimal codes (Base 10) before being implemented
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The Unicode Standard, developed by the Unicode Consortium, fixes all of these problems by being platform and language independent. It has its own ISO standard (versioned), and has been accepted by all major computing giants such as Sun, Microsoft, Oracle, HP, IBM, Xerox, Apple, Adobe Systems, and many others. It is the standard of other computer and internet standards such as XML, ECMAScript, JavaScript, Java, LDAP, CORBA, WML, and again, many others.
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Unicode Consortium