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1. U.S. Army History
   This study originated from a verbal directive in early 1995 by then-Army Chief of Staff General Gordon R. Sullivan to then-Commander, Combined Arms Center, Lieutenant General John Miller, to write a U.S. Army history of Uphold Democracy. General Sullivan proposed a study that would prove useful for political and military decision makers. The study, therefore, reflects General Sullivan's vision; it is intended to help decision makers better understand the complexities of modern peace operations.
2. Army Knowledge Online -- U.S. Army
   Verity, Inc., a provider of enterprise software, has announced the U.S. Army has employed the K2 Enterprise (K2E) software on its Army Knowledge Online (AKO) intranet. More than 1.27 million Army employees and retirees are currently registered to use AKO. Col. Timothy Fong, director of chief technology office, NETCOM, has explained that, "AKO is the Army's enterprise portal. It is the only site that any soldier, retiree or civilian needs to go to handle a myriad of operational, procedural, and personal information matters, from administrative tasks, online education, and training, to checking benefits. The Army uses the Verity K2E product to index, search, and retrieve the large and growing amount of information on the AKO site.
3. U.S. Army History -- Cavalry Group
   On the same day, German Army Group G launched a major offensive against the thinly stretched, 110 km line of the Seventh U.S. Army. Operation Nordwind, the last major German offensive of the war on the Western Front, soon had the weakened Seventh U.S. Army, which had, at Eisenhower's orders, sent troops, equipment, and supplies north to reinforce the American armies in the Ardennes, in dire straits. By 15 January, the Seventh U.S. Army VI Corps was fighting for its very life on three sides in Alsace. With casualties mounting, and running short on replacements, tanks, ammunition, and supplies, Seventh U.S. Army was forced to withdraw to defensive positions on the south bank of the Moder River on 21 January. The German offensive finally drew to a close on 25 January. In the bitter, desperate fighting of Operation Nordwind, VI Corps, which had borne the brunt of the fighting suffered a total of 14,716 casualties.
4. U.S. Army History -- Books
   A: The U.S. Army Military History Institute maintains an extensive collection of unit histories. Bibliographies for such histories can be accessed online at: Unit Histories. Once a history has been identified you can contact your local library to inquire about interlibrary loan possibilities. You may ... wish to investigate out-of-print book dealers to purchase such items. Note that many of the unit histories are not available for interlibrary loan due to their rarity and/or condition.
5. U.S. Army History -- Infantry Regiment
   Easy Company, 506th Regiment, 101st Airborne Division, U.S. Army, was as good a rifle company as any in the world. From their rigorous training in Georgia in 1942 to D-Day and victory, Ambrose tells the story of this remarkable company of citizen soldiers. Easy Company was involved in everything from parachuting into France early D-Day morning, to the disappointing Arnhem campaign in the Netherlands and the bloody fighting during the Battle of the Bulge. Near the war’s end they captured Hitler's "Eagle's Nest" at Berchtesgaden and drank the Fuhrer’s champagne. Band of Brothers is the story of the men in this remarkable unit who fought, went hungry, froze, and died. A company that took 150 percent casualties and considered the Purple Heart a badge of office.
6. U.S. Army History -- Japanese Americans
   Although HAWK missile batteries were deployed by the U.S. Army during the conflicts in Vietnam and SWA, American troops have never fired this weapon in combat. The first combat usage of HAWK occurred in 1967 when Israel successfully fired the missiles during the Six Day War with Egypt. Even though it was not used by the coalition during Operation Desert Storm, the HAWK missile system did see action during the Persian Gulf War. Kuwaiti air defense units equipped with U.S. HAWK antiaircraft missiles downed about 22 Iraqi aircraft and one combat helicopter during the invasion of 2 August 1990. The system later posed a possible threat to the U.S.-led coalition because Iraqi forces captured both HAWK and TOW missiles in Kuwait.
7. U.S. Army History -- 4Th
   In the short span of twelve years the 4th Cavalry Regiment had been redesignated five times and all that was left of one of the U.S. Army's finest regiments was its regimental numeral on an armor group headquarters company. With the decision to ... do away with most tactical regiments the Army realized it must preserve the valuable honors, traditions and history of famous regiments. In 1957 the Army set up the Combat Arms Regimental System (CARS). Under CARS the regiment would be a group of tactical units bearing the regimental name. Over one hundred and fifty historic regiments of cavalry, armor, infantry and artillery were preserved. The original line companies/batteries/troops of a regiment would be activated as the headquarters company/battery/troop of newly constituted battle group/battalion /squadron to preserve the lineal ties with the old regiment.
8. Cargo Helicopter -- U.S. Army Cargo Helicopter
   Boeing unveiled the first production CH-47F Chinook helicopter to the U.S. Army during a rollout ceremony in Ridley Park, Pa. The aircraft is the first of 452 new CH-47F heavy-transport helicopters included in the U.S. Army Cargo Helicopter modernization program. "The CH-47F is a 21st century aircraft," said Jack Dougherty, director, Boeing Chinook Programs. "It provides the system and the solutions to meet the needs of soldiers today and tomorrow." The aircraft features a newly designed, modernized airframe and a Rockwell Collins Common Avionics Architecture System advanced digital cockpit to meet the needs of current and future warfighters. The new airframe uses modern manufacturing techniques that replace multiple-piece sheet metal structures with single-piece machined components. The new components will reduce operating and support costs, improve the aircraft's structural integrity and extend the Chinook's service life.
9. U. S. Constitution -- U.S. Constitution
   The intention of the U.S. Constitution in establishing a bicameral Congress was that each chamber would serve as a check on the other. The larger and more frequently elected House of Representatives would more directly reflect changing public opinion, while the smaller Senate, whose members serve longer terms, would serve as a more level-headed and deliberative body. At the same time, the House's rules and procedures for introducing and debating bills are much more strict than those of the Senate. Although it is often thought of as the lower chamber of Congress, the House has some powers that the Senate doesn't. For example, all appropriations bills must originate in the House. In addition, the House can impeach officials, and has the power to elect the President in the case of a tie in the electoral college.
10. Cuba -- U.S
    Cuba has two currencies in circulation: the Cuban peso (CUP), and the convertible peso (CUC). In April 2005, the official exchange rate changed from $1 per CUC to $1.08 per CUC (0.93 CUC per $1), both for individuals and enterprises. Individuals can buy 24 Cuban pesos (CUP) for each CUC sold, or sell 25 Cuban pesos for each CUC bought; enterprises... must exchange CUP and CUC at a 1:1 ratio. It is also important to note that the Cuban regime taxes and receives approximately 10% of each conversion of U.S. dollars into CUCs.

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