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Turkey: Southeastern Turkey
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The Republic of Turkey is a country located in Southwest Asia with a small part of its territory (3%) in southeastern Europe. Until 1922 the country was the center of the Ottoman Empire. The Anatolian peninsula, between the Black Sea and the Mediterranean Sea, forms the core of the country.
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Turkey is considered to have a large amount of wind, geothermal, and solar power potential. In January 2001, Turkey announced approval for 17 wind and one geothermal BOT power plants, and in December 2004 the Parliament's Industry and Energy commission approved a draft bill encouraging renewables. Currently, wind power capacity in Turkey is around 19 MW, with units located all over the country. Potential for wind power may be as high as 120,000 MW, with particularly attractive areas for wind located along Turkey's west coast and in southeastern Anatolia. Solar energy is mainly used for roof-top hot water. Geothermal energy potential is estimated at around 35 GW.
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A republic of Asia Minor and southeastern Europe, Turkey has coastlines on the Aegean, Black, and Mediterranean seas. Area: 779,452 sq km (300,948 sq mi), including 23,764 sq km in Europe. Pop. (1996 est.): 62,650,000. Cap.: Ankara. Monetary unit: Turkish lira, with (Oct. 11, 1996) a free rate of 93,990 liras to U.S. $1 (148,063 liras = £1 sterling).
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[A]s this report documents, in southeastern Turkey applicants to the Commission can face intimidation and threats from security force because of the climate of impunity there. This is exacerbated by the nature of the process of individual application, whereby the file of an applicant can find its way into the hands of the security forces or officials who are alleged to have committed the initial abuse. Once a Turkish citizen files an applications with the Commission, for example, it is sent to the Turkish government for its observations and comments, a customary and normal procedure in a legal dispute between two parties. The file then makes its way back to the local authorities in southeastern Turkey, such as the Gendarme command or Security directorate, who often are alleged to have been involved in the incident in question in the first place.
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Turkey joined the UN in 1945, and NATO in 1952. Although Turkey and Greece both belong to NATO, disputes over the Aegean Sea and Cyprus strain relations between the two countries. Turkish forces invaded Cyprus in 1974 to protect the Turkish-Cypriot community during a military coup—it still maintains some 30,000 troops in northern Cyprus. Southeastern Turkey saw years of civil war in the 1980s and 1990s between Turkish forces and Kurds from the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK), who wanted to form an independent Kurdish state. Relations improved when the Turkish parliament passed laws giving more rights to Kurds.
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Mrs. Akkoc reported that on at least one occasion security authorities in southeastern Turkey arrested and tortured her because of her application to the Commission. According to Mrs. Akkoc, she was arrested at her home in February 1994, and questioned by police about her application to the Commission. The police ostensibly detained her in connection with charges of membership in the PKK. During that time, she suffered severe torture over a period of nine days and was held for ten days in all in what she believed to be the Gendarme Mobile Forces Command in Diyarbakir. Finally, a state prosecutor released her, telling her that it was not a crime to apply to the Commission and that he doubted evidence regarding her PKK membership. According to Mrs. Akkoc:
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Southeastern Turkey