LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Turing Test: Machines
built 279 days ago
The history of applying the Turing Test to actual projects is ... one of contention and resistance. From the beginning, Turing anticipated many objections to the idea the machines could think, which he addressed briefly including.
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Given the simplicity of the Turing Test, it is surprising that for decades no one ever tried to actually conduct a Turing Test. Turing himself saw it as more a theoretical proposition to discuss the nature of machine intelligence. Over the years, perhaps researchers thought it obvious that no modern machine could yet pass the test.
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In other words, Turing proposed the test as a sufficient criterion for machine intelligence. He felt it was not a necessary condition because of the possibility that intelligent creatures could not correctly participate (for some physical reason) in the game. However, as Block (1995) points out it is possible to satisfy the Turing test with an unintelligent, physically possible machine. This means that the test does not seem to be a sufficient criterion either. If the test is neither necessary nor sufficient, perhaps it can be considered a 'mark' of intelligence, rather than criterial for intelligence.
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A strict follower of Cartesian thought would undoubtedly take the passage of the test as indication of intelligence... in his paper, Turing made it clear that he was uncertain of this himself. He stated in "Computing Machinery and Intelligence" that the question, "Can machines think?" is too amorphous for such strict analytical work. Rather, Turing left the question open ended, using his test as a replacement for this question as opposed to an answer to it.
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In order to pass a well designed Turing test, the machine would have to use natural language, to reason, to have knowledge and to learn. The test can be extended to include video input, as well as a "hatch" through which objects can be passed, and this would force the machine to demonstrate the skill of vision and robotics as well. Together these represent almost all the major problems of artificial intelligence.[6]
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Even if the Turing test is a good operational definition of intelligence, it may not indicate that the machine has consciousness, or that it has intentionality. Perhaps intelligence and consciousness, for example, are such that neither one necessarily implies the other. In that case, the Turing test might fail to capture one of the key differences between intelligent machines and intelligent people.
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