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Turing Test: Computers
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The Turing Test is a method derived by Alan Turing in the 1950's. It is supposed to determine if a machine is intelligent or not. The test uses a type of 'imitation game' where the AI and a real person are interrogated via a computer screen. The tester would pose questions to both computer screens and would try to judge the responses in order to determine which one was the human.
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The essence of the Turing Test revolves around whether a computer can successfully impersonate a human. The test is to be put into practice under a set of detailed conditions which rely on human judges being connected with test subjects (a computer and a person) solely via an instant messaging system or its equivalent. That is, the only information which will pass between the parties is text.
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The Turing Test states that a computer is intelligent if a person cannot tell whether he or she is interacting with a computer or another person. The person testing the program sits at a terminal asking and answering questions of the person or computer at
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Alan M. Turing called what is now called the Turing test the Imitation Game. In "Computing Machinery and Intelligence", the article in Mind in which the Imitation Game is introduced, Turing describes two similar versions of the game. In the first version, an interrogator talks (via a teletype setup) to a woman and a man. The man's job is to convince the interrogator that he is a woman. The woman's job is to keep the interrogator from concluding that the man is a woman, perhaps by convincing the interrogator that she, not the man, is a woman. In the second version, the interrogator talks to a person and a computer. It is the computer's job to convince the interrogator it is a person, while it is the person's job to prevent that.
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Back when computers were first being developed, Alan Turing proposed a test for determining intelligence in them (artificial intelligence, or AI). The test is now known as the Turing Test, and the idea is a simple one. If a computer can fool a judge into thinking it is human then the computer is intelligent. An example setup for the test would be placing a judge in one room and a computer in another, and then connecting them in a chat room (obviously the judge would not be told whether he was conversing with a human or a computer). If, after they talk, the judge is convinced the computer is human, then the computer has passed the test and is ... deemed intelligent.
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The Turing test involves a computer, a human interrogator and a human foil. The interrogator attempts to determine, by asking questions of the other two participants, which is the computer. All communication is via keyboard and screen. The interrogator may ask questions as penetrating and wide-ranging as he or she likes, and the computer is permitted to do everything possible to force a wrong identification. (So smart moves for the computer would be to say 'No' in response to 'Are you a computer?' and to follow a request to multiply one huge number by another with a long pause and an incorrect answer.) The foil must help the interrogator to make a correct identification. A number of different people play the roles of interrogator and foil, and if sufficiently many interrogators are unable to distinguish the computer from the human being then it is to be concluded that the computer thinks.
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