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Trojan War: Mycenaean Greeks
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An oracle had prophesied that the first Greek to walk on the land after stepping off a ship in the Trojan War would be the first to die. Protesilaus, leader of the Phylacians, fulfilled this prophesy. His wife, Laodamia, followed him to his death. Alternatively, Hector killed Protesilaus and Laodamia killed herself in grief.
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The myth of the Trojan War was a great and continuing inspiration to Greek artists and poets. The main lines of the story were sketched out by early epic poets such as Homer (eighth century BC), but the tradition was never firmly fixed. Later poets treated the myth freely; small incidents were enlarged, new episodes were introduced, local variants incorporated and different (even contradictory) interpretations offered.
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The classical legends of the Trojan War developed continuously throughout Greek and Latin literature. In Homer's Iliad and Odyssey, the earliest literary evidence available, the chief stories have already taken shape, and individual themes were elaborated later, especially in Greek drama.
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At the reputed time of the Trojan War, the Mycenean Greeks may have been been establishing a series of colonies along what is now the Turkish Aegean coast. At least there is evidence of such a colony at Miletus. At the same time, the Hittite Empire in central Anatolia was expanding, though there was a buffer region called Arzawa inland from the soutwest coast, and many of the coastal regions formed independent states. There was diplomatic correspondence between the Hittites and the Myceneans, addressed to the Mycenean "Great King," which suggests that one of the city states had the lead position among the Myceneans. Perhaps it was Mycenae itself, and the Great King was Agamemnon.
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Here in the final section, the end of the Trojan War is covered, followed by two important storylines which tell of its aftermath. The first of these is the story told in the trilogy by the classical dramatist Aeschylus, entitled the Oresteia, which deals with the return of Agamemnon and its consequences. The final story covers the trials of Odysseus after the war, as described in Homer's Odyssey, one of the earliest, and most important, works of Greek literature.
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The cause of the Trojan War can be traced all the way back to the courtship of Helen. Helen was stunningly beautiful. Many Greek princes courted her for marriage. Her step father feared that trouble from rejected suitors would follow Helen and her groom. To insure Helen’s safety, her step father made all the men who wanted to be her husband, swear an oath to protect Helen and her chosen groom. Helen chose King Menelaus of Sparta.
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