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Trimethoprim: Sulfamethoxazole
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Bactrim, Generic Bactrim, Sulfamethoxazole and Trimethoprim are both antibiotics that treat different types of bacterial infections. Bactrim, Generic Bactrim, Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim fight bacteria in your body. Bactrim, Generic Bactrim, Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim is used to treat infections such as urinary tract infections, bronchitis, ear infections (otitis), traveler's diarrhea, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. Bactrim, Generic Bactrim, Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim may ... be used for purposes other than those listed in this medication guide. Take Bactrim, Generic Bactrim, Sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim exactly as directed by your physician. If you do not understand these instructions, ask your pharmacist, nurse, or doctor to explain them to you.
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Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole is a synthetic antibacterial agent used in the treatment of myriad diseases of vastly differing severity. It can be used as part of a treatment cocktail for HIV/AIDS or for a simple case of traveler’s diarrhea. If you’ve been prescribed Trimethoprim/Sulfamethoxazole, here’s how to use it.
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Trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole might increase levels of potassium in the body. 4 Therefore, if you are on long-term treatment with this antibiotic, you should not take potassium supplements except on the advice of a physician.
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Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole is rapidly absorbed following oral administration. Both sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim exist in the blood as unbound, protein-bound and metabolized forms; sulfamethoxazole ... exists as the conjugated form. The metabolism of sulfamethoxazole occurs predominately by N4-acetylation, although the glucuronide conjugate has been identified. The principal metabolites of trimethoprim are the 1- and 3-oxides and the 3'- and 4'-hydroxy derivatives. The free forms of sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim are considered to be the therapeutically active forms. Approximately 44% of trimethoprim and 70% of sulfamethoxazole are bound to plasma proteins.
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Trimethoprim was commonly used in combination with sulfamethoxazole, a sulfonamide antibiotic, which inhibits an earlier step in the folate synthesis pathway (see diagram above). This combination... known as co-trimoxazole, TMP-sulfa, or TMP-SMX, results in an in vitro synergistic antibacterial effect by inhibiting successive steps in folate synthesis, this claimed benefit was not seen in general clinical use.[1] [2] Its use has been declining due to reports of sulfamethoxazole bone marrow toxicity, resistance and lack greater efficacy in treating common urine and chest infections,[3][4][5][6] and side effects of antibacterial sulfonamides. As a consequence, the use of co-trimoxazole was restricted in 1995.[7]
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In Vitro serial dilution tests have shown that the spectrum of antibacterial activity of Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole includes the common urinary tract pathogens with the exception of Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. The following organisms are usually susceptible: Escherichia Coli, Klebsiella species, Enterobacter species, Morganella Morganii, Proteus Mirabilis, and indole-positive Proteus species including Proteus Vulgaris. The usual spectrum of antimicrobial activity of Trimethoprim and sulfamethoxazole includes the following bacterial pathogens isolated from middle ear exudate and from bronchial secretions: Haemophilus Influenzae, including ampicillin-resistant strains, and Streptococcus Pneumoniae. Shigella Flexneri and Shigella Sonnei are usually susceptible. The usual spectrum ... includes enterotoxigenic strains of Escherichia Coli (ETEC) causing bacterial gastroenteritis.
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Sulfamethoxazole