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Tobacco
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Tobacco is an agricultural product processed from the fresh leaves of plants in the genus Nicotiana. Tobacco has been growing on the American continent since about 6000 BC and began being used by native cultures at about 3000 BC. It has been smoked in one form or another since about 2000 BC. There are drawings of ancient Mayans smoking cigars from about 1400 BC. Tobacco has a very long history of use in Native American culture and played an important part in the foundation of the United States of America, going back to colonial times and the original Jamestown settlement.
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Through Tobacco Policy Change, RWJF is investing in cutting edge collaborations that directly address disparities in tobacco use and exposure. Using advocacy, communications and community partnerships, Tobacco Policy Change programs support efforts to; promote clean indoor air in workplaces and other public places; reduce smoking rates among minority populations; gain access to smoking cessation services for low wage earners; and promote the benefits of tobacco tax increases in preventing smoking among young people.
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Heart Association, the National Center for Tobacco-Free Kids (TFK) received $20 million in initial funding from the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. "The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids," now a trademark used by the Center, was originally founded in 1995 as a lobbying group to support FDA regulation of the tobacco industry. Among TFK's board members are John Seffrin of the ACS, Lonnie Bristow, former president of the AMA, and Randolph Smoak, vice chair of the AMA. Seffrin, Bristow and Smoak have all served on the Interagency Committee on Smoking and Health.
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The Campaign for Tobacco-Free Kids applauds the eight state attorneys general who today have taken quick and aggressive action to stop R.J. Reynolds' unscrupulous new marketing campaign for Camel cigarettes that clearly appeals to youth, in violation of the 1998 state tobacco settlement. The attorneys general have sued R.J. Reynolds for violating the settlement with a new Camel ad in Rolling Stone magazine that announced a promotion involving "indie rock" bands and came wrapped around a four-page cartoon insert that listed such bands. While R.J. Reynolds and Rolling Stone claimed the cartoon was "editorial content" and not part of the Camel ad, the nine-page spread appeared to be one giant cigarette ad that violates the tobacco settlement's prohibition on the use of cartoons to market cigarettes.
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Tobacco is harvested in one of two ways. In the oldest method, the entire plant is harvested at once by cutting off the stalk at the ground with a sickle. In the nineteenth century, bright tobacco began to be harvested by pulling individual leaves off the stalk as they ripened. The leaves ripen from the ground upwards, so a field of tobacco may go through several "pullings" before the tobacco is entirely harvested, and the stalks may be turned into the soil. "Cropping", "pulling", and "priming" are terms for pulling leaves off tobacco. Leaves are cropped as they ripen, from the bottom of the stalk up.
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Tobacco was discovered by the European explorers to the New World and its use became popular throughout Europe and Asia in following centuries. But was not until the late 19th century that manufacturing processes for cigarettes and matches made the use of tobacco cheap and convenient. In the United States, cigarette smoking per capita grew enormously throughout the 20th century, particularly in the post-World War 2 era when smoking was constantly promoted through television advertising. (Click to see chart) Although concerns regarding the health hazards of cigarette smoking began in the 1950's, there was little understanding of the addictive nature of nicotine until quite recently. In retrospect, it is clearly nicotine addiction that continues the fuel the tremendous demand for tobacco products.
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