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Tobacco: Tobacco Control
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Tobacco is an important crop in Turkey, where its cultivation and manufacture are monopolies. The ordinary tobacco and cigarette trade is controlled by the Regie Compagnie interessee des tabacs de l'empire Ottoman, and Narquileh tobacco (called " tumbeki " and used in " hubble-bubbles ") is in the hands of a similar organization. The small Turkish leaf is famous throughout the world. Some of the finest flavoured tobaccos are produced in the regions around Cavalla in Macedonia and ancient Ephesus in Asia Minor. The cultivation of Turkish tobaccos has been taken up in various parts of the world, e.g. South Africa, and to maintain the standard of the produce fresh supplies of seed were obtained annually from Turkey. To guard against this competition, the export of tobacco seed from Turkey was prohibited in 1907.
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Tobacco Policy Change is a national initiative of RWJF created to ensure continued momentum on effective tobacco control policies and to extend that momentum to communities where people are most vulnerable to tobacco's devastating impact. Launched in 2004, the $12 million program reflects RWJF's long standing commitments to reduce tobacco use and help Americans live healthier lives.
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Tobacco plants are susceptible to attack from a wide range of insects and bacterial, fungal, and viral diseases. To counteract these problems, tobacco farmers grow strains of tobacco that resist diseases and insects. By rotating crops (planting tobacco one year and a different crop in the same field the next year), farmers keep the population of tobacco pests in check by depriving them of tobacco plants on alternate years. Before planting, farmers may work a fungicide into the soil to control fungal diseases, such as blue mold and damping-off. They may ... fumigate the soil to control nematodes—microscopic worms that infest the roots. Growers also use herbicides to control weeds and insecticides to control insects.
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Dr Judith MacKay, Director of the Asian Consultancy on Tobacco Control in Hong Kong, claims that tobacco’s “minor” use of land denies 10 to 20 million people of food. “Where food has to be imported because rich farmland is being diverted to tobacco production, the government will have to bear the cost of food imports,” she points out.
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Tobacco companies ... began to spend heavily on political contributions and lobbying. In California, a recent study has shown a significant correlation between such contributions and the legislative behavior of the donees. The expenditures have unquestionably helped the industry. A California legislative initiative passed by the voters in 1988 was undermined by Republican Governor Pete Wilson. And despite initial optimism that Democratic Governor Gray Davis would reverse this trend, he also opposed substantial increases in funding for tobacco control.
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According to the American Lung Association State of Tobacco Control report, more than 438,000 Americans die every year from diseases caused by tobacco, including lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and heart disease. Smoking costs the United States approximately $157 billion each year in health-care costs and lost productivity.
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Tobacco Control