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Theism: Belief
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One criticism of agnostic theism is that in order to be religious, you must believe in God, whether or not you have proof. If you acknowledge you don't have proof, but you still believe in God, this is consistent with fideism. If you acknowledge you don't have proof, and you let that knowledge affect your belief, some may say that you can not really consider yourself religious. However, this presupposes that agnostic theists consider themselves religious, which most do not.
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If atheism defines itself as the negation of theism, atheism becomes the home of all those who believe theism is false. Consequently any non-theist is by definition an atheist. Pantheists, Deists, Buddhists, Spiritualists, Pagans and everybody else who does not believe in theism should on this definition be classified as atheist. They have a belief in something other than theism, but few would call themselves atheist over and above or instead of referring to their beliefs as Buddhist or Deist for example.
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To put it simply, theism is a belief in the existence of at least one god - nothing more, nothing less. Theism does not depend upon how many gods one believes in. Theism does not depend upon how the term 'god' is defined. Theism does not depend upon how one arrives at their belief. Theism does not depend upon how one defends their belief.
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In its broadest sense theism denotes a belief in some ultimate reference point that gives meaning and unity to everything. However, the God postulated in this sense is totally depersonalized and thoroughly transcendent, almost an abstract concept. There are philosophical and theological positions that seem to use "God" and "theism" in this way.
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One of the ways in which mere theism is transformed in religion is in the nature of the theism itself. In addition to the obvious addition of beliefs like what the gods want and where the gods come from, theism itself can be focused upon a single god (monotheism), many gods (polytheism), and so on. Understanding the differences between these types of theism is necessary not only for understanding the religious systems in which they appear, but ... for understanding the variety and diversity which exists for theism itself.
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