LYCOS RETRIEVER 
The Penguins: Seas
built 657 days ago
Field trips – Students, teachers and other educators along with the general public are welcome to view the new facility for penguins in the year 2000 at the Riverbanks Zoo. Meanwhile, the Education Department of Sea World in Orlando, Florida, is a good alternate. Since it is on-line, students, teachers, other educators and the general public can conduct an Electronic Field Trip via (http://www.seaworld.org/penguins/pageone.html). If affordable, field trips can be planned to visit Sea World in Orlando, Florida. The telephone number is
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Emperors undergo the most stressful breeding process of all penguins. The breeding season for Emperors begins at the start of the Antarctic winter--late March. As winter approaches, Emperors actually move inland to their traditional colonies and begin pairing. An Emperor seeks his/her mate from the previous by wandering through the colony making bugling call. Upon finding their mate, each penguin repeatedly bows to the other while continuing its bugling and flashing the orange patches on each side of its head.
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Penguins are designed for life in the sea. Some species spend as much as 75% of their lives in the water. (They lay their eggs and to raise their chicks on land.) Heavy, solid bones act like a diver's weight belt, allowing them to stay underwater. Their wings, shaped like flippers, help them "fly" underwater at speeds up to 15 mph. A streamlined body, paddle-like feet, insulating blubber, and watertight feathers all add to their efficiency and comfort underwater. They ... have a remarkable deep-diving ability.
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![[EmperorsSpring.jpg] Emperor penguins on the edge of the ice shelf, ready for departure in spring. This image is actually used in Al Gore's presentation An Inconvenient Truth](http://retrieverimages.lycos.com/images/t/h/e/the-penguins/i/026.jpg)
The first animal called penguin was a flightless bird of the Arctic sea... known as the Great Auk, which was very similar to a penguin in anatomy, although from a different order of birds. It was hunted to extinction in the 1600s. Then when later explorers discovered similar animals in the southern seas, they named them the same way. The word itself has muddy origin; it originally seemed to mean '[F]at one' in spanish/portuguese, and may come from either the Welsh 'pen gwyn' (white head), from the Latin 'pinguis' (fat) or from a corruption of 'pin-wing' (pinioned wings).
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African penguins feed mainly on small pelagic fish (fish which swim on the upper layers of the open ocean) like pilchards, anchovies, horse mackerel and herrings. Competition with commercial fishing has forced them to adapt their diet. They now ... eat squid and small crustaceans as well. Since penguins are capable of diving considerable depths, up to 35 metres, remaining under water for 1½ minutes, they can reach fish that other birds cannot. Sometimes they travel considerable distances to feed, up to 30-70 kilometres, although they have been known to travel over 200 kilometres. Particularly when they are feeding demanding older chicks, penguins will spend much of their days at sea feeding.
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Unlike larger penguins which have few natural predators on land, Galapagos Penguins must guard against crabs, snakes, owls and hawks, although predation from such sources is generally low. At sea Galapagos Penguins may be killed by sharks, fur seals and sea lions. On Isabela, introduced cats, dogs and rats are ... predators. In addition to predation, and other natural hazards associated with an unreliable food resource and volcanic activity, they face a number of man-made hazards.
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