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The Holocaust: War
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As the Soviet and Allied forces rolled back across Nazi-occupied Europe, they came across evidence of the holocaust against the Jews and others. For the first time, the outside world could see and be stunned by mountains of Jewish corpses in the concentration camps, and skeletal survivors gathered at the wire. The horror at the discoveries fuelled the Nürnberg (Nuremberg) Trials of 1945-47, when surviving Nazi leaders (including Hermann Göring, Rudolf Hess, and Field Marshal Wilhelm Keitel) were tried for crimes against humanity. Twelve were sentenced to death, but not Göring, who swallowed poison in his prison-cell hours before he was to be executed. Subsequent trials were held for "doctors who had conducted medical experiments on concentration camp inmates and prisoners of war, judges who had committed murder and other crimes under the guise of the judicial process, and industrialists who had participated in the looting of occupied countries and in the forced-labor program" (Hilberg, "Holocaust"). Again death sentences and long prison terms were the norm.
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Paul Ancel, more widely known as Paul Celan, is possibly the most famous poet of the Holocaust. Born in Czernowitz, the Bukovina region of Romania in 1920, Celan was raised in a Jewish household where he became fluent in several languages, including German, Yiddish, Hebrew, and Romanian. In June, 1942, Jews from the Czernowitz ghetto, including Celan's parents, were shot by the SS. Celan escaped deportation by hiding with friends, but was later discovered and placed in a German forced labor camp for nearly two years before later fleeing to the Soviet army. After the war, Celan settled in Paris and became a lecturer in German literature. His experience in the German labor camp, combined with the traumatic death of his parents, left lasting scars on Celan's psyche that revealed themselves through his tragic poetry.
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The Dorogoj family holds a place in Radzilow Holocaust history. Szyma was the first person killed in the pogroms of 1941. Moszk and his son Kiwa were hidden on a farm in nearby Slucz, until the end of the war, only to be murdered upon their return to Radzilow
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Abraham Sutzkever is a Yiddish poet and editor who remains one of the most distinguished poets of the Holocaust. He was born in 1913 in the city of Smorogon, near Vilna, in what is today Lithuania. At a young age he joined a group of artists and poets called "Young Vilna" and had his first book of poems published in Warsaw. However, the Holocaust forever altered the direction of his career. In 1941, Vilna was occupied by the Germans when they invaded Russia. Over 10,000 Jews were shot and buried in mass graves, and the remaining 20,000 Jews of Vilna were forced into two small ghettos.
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A campaign to award Dutch nationality to a German-born Holocaust victim by a Roman Catholic broadcaster has triggered a debate about who can be a citizen of the Netherlands, and it highlights the treatment of Jews during the Second World War. to external website
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Holocaust historians copiously write about what the Soviets found when they took over Auschwitz, but strangely omit what the Soviets found when they took over Treblinka. Why is that? Also, when Professor Boder went to Europe after the war to document the holocaust, he was likely surprised at what people had to say.
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