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The Great Depression: United States
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The Great Depression was the worst economic slump ever in U.S. history, and one which spread to virtually all of the industrialized world. The depression began in late 1929 and lasted for about a decade. Many factors played a role in bringing about the depression; ... the main cause for the Great Depression was the combination of the greatly unequal distribution of wealth throughout the 1920's, and the extensive stock market speculation that took place during the latter part that same decade. The maldistribution of wealth in the 1920's existed on many levels. Money was distributed disparately between the rich and the middle-class, between industry and agriculture within the United States, and between the U.S. and Europe. This imbalance of wealth created an unstable economy.
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The Great Depression was a time when the economy in the United States and throughout the world was extremely bad. It began with the Wall Street Crash of 1929. The prices on the Wall Street stock market fell a lot from October 24 to October 29, 1929. Many people became homeless and poor. This ended the wealth of the Roaring Twenties. The day that is said to have started the Great Depression is called Black Tuesday.
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The Great Depression took a terrible toll on millions, jazz musicians among them. On November 4, 1931, Buddy Bolden died at the Louisiana State Hospital for the Insane. A quarter of a century earlier, he had been the most celebrated cornet-player in New Orleans — King Bolden — among the first men ever to play the music that had come to be called jazz. But when the time came to escort his coffin to potters' field in New Orleans, there was no money to pay a marching band to play him home as he had played so many home in the old days. Most of the New Orleans musicians who had once marched and played with him had passed on, or moved elsewhere and were encountering hard times, along with the rest of the country.
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The Great Depression took a toll on Oregon but created a setting for massive improvement of infrastructure. Roads, bridges, buildings, dams, locks, powerhouses, electrical transmission lines, recreation facilities, and range management were an impressive tally of accomplishments. While many Oregonians were driven into a subsistence lifestyle of "making do" with homemade clothing, a garden, and austerity, the federal projects had infused confidence, generated payrolls, and laid the foundations for new industries and much wider use of public lands in the state.
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The psychological, cultural, and political repercussions of the Great Depression were felt around the world, but it had a significantly different impact in different countries. In particular, it is widely agreed that the rise of the Nazi Party in Germany was associated with the economic turmoil of the 1930s. No similar threat emerged in the United States. While President Franklin Roosevelt did introduce a variety of new programs, he was initially elected on a traditional platform that pledged to balance the budget. Why did the depression cause less political change in the United States than elsewhere? A much longer experience with democracy may have been important.
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While few believe the Democrat programs of the 1930s effectively turned around the Great Depression, they were of immense consequence to Oregon. Through deficit spending and passing on payment obligations to succeeding generations, Congress authorized programs that helped change the face of Oregon. The Beer Act of March 1933 set the stage for repeal of Prohibition and permitted hop-raisers and brewers like Blitz-Weinhard to resume production. Far more significant... was creation that same month of the Civilian Conservation Corps. Intended to provide unemployment relief for several million young American males, the CCC developed projects in public land states like Oregon. The CCC established base camps and spike camps in most of the national forests and began a remarkable program of construction.
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