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1. French Revolution
   The starting point of the French Revolution was the convocation of the States General by Louis XVI. They comprised three orders, nobility, clergy, and the third estate, the last named being permitted to have as many members as the two other orders together. The electoral regulation of 24 January, 1789, assured the parochial clergy a large majority in the meetings of the bailliages which were to elect clerical representatives to the States General. While chapters were to send to these meetings only a single delegate for ten canons, and each convent only one of its members, all the curés were permitted to vote. The number of the "order" of clergy at the States General exceeded 300, among whom were 44 prelates, 208 curés, 50 canons and commendatory abbots, and some monks. The clergy advocated almost as forcibly as did the Third Estate the establishment of a constitutional government based on the separation of the powers, the periodical convocation of the States General, their supremacy in financial matters, the responsibility of ministers, and the regular guarantee of individual liberty.
2. French Revolution -- French Enlightenment
   Did the French Revolution leave anything positive to posterity? Only the metric system, which admittedly grew out of the democratic predilection for eternal measuring and counting. What about then the Declaration des Droits de l'Homme et du Citoyen? It was a purely anthropocentric document, a typically declamatory product of the first Enlightenment, which was conceived in 1789 and finally engrafted into the constitution of the Sadist-Republic in 1793. In the schoolbooks one reads about the period of the terror, "Le Terreur était terrible mais grande!" Even with all that a good number of moderates came under the blade too. Historically they had it coming because they hadn't considered what happened when one destroyed the old order.
3. French Revolution -- Events
   The essays in this collection, drawn from a Hofstra University bicentennial conference on the French Revolution, seek to come to terms, often from conflicting points of view, with the complex relationship between events and their representations. The question "How did the lived experience that eventually became known as the French Revolution come to be organized?" provides a common thread for the collection. Individual chapters examine the Revolution from the vantage points of theology and philosophy, theater and literature, as well as politics and history.
4. French Revolution -- People
   The French Revolution is one of the most important events in world history. Weary of the tyrannical King Louis XVI, the nobility, and the clergy, the people of France overthrew the government and created a republic. In time, the fledgling republic would fall into the hands of Napoleon Bonaparte, who would eventually conquer much of Europe to create the French Empire. Although Napoleon ruled in absolute power, he was unlike Louis XVI because he ruled for his people. This is evident through the Napoleonic Code, which spread throughout Europe in the countries occupied by France.
5. French Revolution -- Beginning
   These few reflections on the French Revolution do scant justice to the subject. But if these articles serve to whet the reader's appetite to delve more deeply into the history of the Revolution, and to draw the necessary conclusions, the effort will not have been in vain.
6. William Blake -- French Revolution
   During the Romanticist art period and the start of the industrial revolution, William Blake was one of a scant few artists with both gender equality and the environment on his mind. While the French revolution raged on, he hoped for a British revolution which never came. The Enlightenment came and went, and Thomas Paine's "The Rights of Man" was considered to be THE book of the times.
7. French Revolution -- Western Europe
   One direct result of the French Revolution was the abolition of the absolute monarchy in France. The Revolution was ... responsible for destroying the feudal privileges of the nobles. Serfdom was abolished, feudal dues and tithes were eliminated, the large feudal estates were broken up, and the principle of equal liability to taxation was introduced. With the sweeping redistribution of wealth and landholdings, France became the European nation with the largest proportion of small independent landowners. Other social and economic reforms initiated during this period included eliminating imprisonment for debt, introducing the metric system, and abolishing the rule of primogeniture in the inheritance of land.
8. French Revolution -- Government
   The slogan of the French Revolution was "Liberté, égalité, fraternité, ou la mort!" ("Liberty, equality, fraternity, or death!"). This slogan outlived the revolution, later becoming the rallying cry of activists, both militant and non-violent, who promote democracy or overthrow oppressive governments.
9. French Revolution -- Powers
   From the beginning of the 20th century until the 1970s, the French Revolution was most commonly described as the result of the growing economic and social importance of the bourgeoisie, or middle class. The bourgeoisie, it was believed, overthrew the Old Regime because that regime had given power and privilege to other classes—the nobility and the clergy—who prevented the bourgeoisie from advancing socially and politically. Recently this interpretation has been replaced by one that relies less on social and economic factors and more on political ones. Economic recession in the 1770s may have frustrated some bourgeois in their rise to power and wealth, and rising bread prices just before the Revolution certainly increased discontent among workers and peasants. Yet it is now commonly believed that the revolutionary process started with a crisis in the French state.
10. French Revolution -- Louis Xvi
    Driven by idealism and a society in crisis, the French Revolution erupted a little more than a decade after the American Revolution. This vivid documentary brings to life France's bloody 1789 uprising, which became a struggle to stamp out feudalism and to cultivate progressive politics, diplomacy and equality. Journey back in time to meet such renowned figures as Marie Antoinette, King Louis XVI and the fanatical Maximilien Robespierre.

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