LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Teutonic Knights: Poland
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In March 1440 , the Hanseatic cities of Gdańsk , Elbląg and Toruń and gentry (mainly from Chełmno Land ) founded the Prussian Confederation with other Prussian cities to free themselves from the overlordship of the Teutonic Knights. They asked king Casimir IV of Poland to support their revolt and incorporate Prussia into Poland (February 1454 ), and when he agreed the War of the Cities or Thirteen Years' War started. The resulting Second Treaty of Toruń (October 1466 ) provided for the Teutonic Order's cession to the Polish crown of its rights over the western half of its territories, which became the province of Royal Prussia . None of this was agreed to by pope or the emperor and the Pfaffenkrieg(priests war) of 1467-79 ensued.
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In 1410, with the death of Rupert, King of the Germans, war broke out between the Teutonic Knights and a Polish-Lithuanian alliance supported by Ruthenian and Tatar auxiliary forces. Poland and Lithuania triumphed following a victory at the Battle of Grunwald (Tannenberg). The Order assigned Heinrich von Plauen to defend Pomerania, who moved rapidly to bolster the defence of Castle Marienburg in Prussia. Heinrich von Plauen was elected vice-grand master led the Teutonic Knights through the Siege of Marienburg in 1410. Following his victory, von Plauen was promoted to Grand Master and, in 1411, concluded the First Treaty of Toruń with King Władysław II Jagiełło.
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Emperor Frederick II bestowed upon the Order of the Teutonic Knights the status and privileges granted to the Empire's princes. In 1309, the Order set up its headquarters in Marienburg (now Malbork, Poland). The knights erected several fortresses, such as in Marienburg and Golub, Prussia. Similarly, they created 93 cities on their lands (such as Königsberg, now Kaliningrad).
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