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Tennis: Balls
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Tennis is a game played between two players (singles) or between two teams of two players (doubles). Each player uses a strung racquet to strike a hollow rubber ball covered with felt (most of the time yellow,[1] but can be any color or even two-tone) over a net into the opponent's court.
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Tennis was one of the many events played by drunk athletes at the Drunk Olympics. Players got highly confused, ultimately mistaking the referee for the ball due to his yellow jersey, and beating him until both players forgot what they were doing, and proceeded to get tangled up in the net.
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A tennis ball is hollow and composed of inflated rubber covered with a fabric made of wool and artificial fibers. Yellow and white balls are used in tournament competition and are the most common colors, although balls of other colors are manufactured. A standard tennis ball measures between 2.5 and 2.6 in (6.35 and 6.6 cm) in diameter and weighs between 1.98 and 2.1 oz (56 and 59.4 g). Two new sizes of tennis balls were introduced in 2001 with characteristics tailored to specific court surfaces. One of these is termed “fast,” to be used on courts classified as “slow pace” (such as clay courts). The other new type of ball (labeled “slow”) is designed for use on “fast pace” courts (such as grass).
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A tennis match is intended to be continuous.[24] Stamina is a relevant factor, so arbitrary delays are not permitted. In most cases, service is required to occur no more than 20 (ITF events)[24] or 25 (ATP and WTA events) seconds after the end of the previous point. This is increased to 90 seconds when the players change ends (after every odd-numbered games), and a 120 second break is permitted between sets. Other than this, breaks are permitted only when forced by events beyond the players' control, such as rain, damaged footwear, damaged racquet, or the need to retrieve an errant ball. Should a player be determined to be stalling repeatedly, the chair umpire may initially give a warning followed by subsequent penalties of "point," "game," and default of the match for the player who is consistently taking longer than the allowed time limit.
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Unlike most other sports, lawn tennis has precise origins. An Englishman, Major Walter C. Wingfield, invented lawn tennis (1873) and first played it at a garden party in Wales. Called “Sphairistiké” [Gr.,=ball playing] by its inventor, the early game was played on an hourglass-shaped court, widest at the baselines and narrowest at the net. In creating the new sport, Wingfield borrowed heavily from the older games of court tennis and squash racquets and probably even from the Indian game of badminton.
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The basic strokes used in tennis are the forehand and the backhand. In the forehand, the player pivots the body so that the shoulder of the nonracket-bearing arm faces the net. The player then swings the racket forward to meet the ball. In the backhand stroke, the player turns so that the shoulder of the racket-bearing arm faces the net before bringing the racket forward and across the body to meet the ball. The basic types of grips that players may use to hold the racket are called the Eastern, Western, and Continental grips. Players often change their grip depending on the type of shot they are required to hit.
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