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Tariff of 1828
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The Tariff of 1828... known as the Tariff of Abominations, enacted on May 19, 1828 (ch. 55, 4 Stat. 270), was a protective tariff passed by the U.S. Congress. It was labeled the "Tariff of Abominations" by its Southern detractors because of the effects it had on the Antebellum Southern economy. It was the highest tariff in U.S. peacetime history, enacting a 62% tax on 92% of all imported goods.[1]
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The tariff battle became even more personal when, in the midst of the tariff debate, Calhoun led the fight to block nomination of Martin Van Buren as minister to England. The Senate deadlocked on the nomination and it fell to Calhoun, as Vice President, to cast the tie-breaking vote. Calhoun gleefully voted against Van Buren. The move backfired... as Jackson swore he would avenge the loss. For his part, Van Buren gained sympathy support around Washington.
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The remodelling of the tariff system in the direction of free trade went on, little retarded by the maintenance of the Corn Laws and not much accelerated by their abolition. In 1842 great reductions of duty were made on a large number of articles; in 1846 still further, reductions of duty were made; another series of changes came in 1853; and finally, in 1860, the last remnant of protective duties disappeared. The four acts of 1842, 1846, 1853, 1860—the first two under Peel's leadership, the second two under Gladstone's guidance—... carried out gradually the policy of free trade in regard to other articles than grain. The first of them, in 1842, was signalized by the introduction the Income Tax as a means of raising revenue to replace that lost by the diminished import duties. The last of them, in 1860, was largely influenced by the great commercial treaty with France. In that treaty the concessions made to France were the reduction by Great Britain of duties on wines and spirits, and the admission, free of duty, of some important French products, notably silk manufactures, gloves, and other products in which the French had superiority.
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Farm prices were depressed in the 1920s and many farm groups endorsed the McNary-Haugen Bill for protecting domestic farm prices through a tariff and the sale of surpluses abroad at world prices. It was vetoed by Presidernt Calvin Coolidge, who wanted farmers to modernize their operations rather than depend on market manipulation.
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Senator Zebulon B. Vance, along with every Congressmen from North Carolina, opposed the Morrill tariff of 1860. Image courtesy of the North Carolina Collection, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Libraries.
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Tariff of 1828