LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Tariff of 1828: Civil War
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During the Civil War, no session of Congress occurred where Congress did not alter the tariff schedules. Few items remained duty free by the end of the war. The tariffs helped keep the federal government solvent and allowed it to pay for a costly war.
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Woodrow Wilson made a drastic lowering of tariff rates a major priority for his presidency. The 1913 Underwood Tariff cut rates, but the coming of world war in 1914 radically revised trade patterns. Reduced trade and, especially, the new reveues generated by the federal income tax made tariffs much less important. When the Republicans regained power after the war they restored the usual high rates.
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The onslaught of British imports after the War of 1812 was only partly affected by the tariffs, which, although protectionist in intent, were not very effective (Pincus, 1977:102). An exception was the protection of cotton textiles. Most protected items were given an ad valorem rate based on a percentage of their import price. In 1816 cotton textiles were ... given a “minimum" rate, which meant that, no matter how low the market price dropped, they would be treated as if their price was a certain minimum. This minimum rate proved to be extremely important when the price of British textiles dropped rapidly in the years following 1816.
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B. Infant industries accelerated in growth as a result of the protections provided by the Embargo of 1807, War of 1812, and the Tariff of 1816, and increased revenue perpetuated sectional tensions. (Graph p.205)
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Students look at the Missouri Compromise, the Tariff of 1828 and other historical tariffs to see the role these taxes played in causing the Civil War. They then work in groups to present “expert” information to the rest of the class on their topic.
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Commercial restrictions through tariffs have been an integral part of American history. The federal government has used forms of commercial restriction as a source of revenue and to protect American industry and labor. Before the Civil War, the federal government obtained close to ninety percent of its revenue from tariffs, and because of this, the government avoided income taxation.
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