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Symbolist Movement: Russian Symbolist Movement
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Near the turn of the century B. Bryusov became the recognized head and leader of the Symbolist movement in Russia. He had gained recognition as a Symbolist theorist in the mid 1890's. From 1894 to 1895 Bryusov expressed his aesthetic views by publishing articles in praise of the first poetic compilation of "Russian Symbolism". Most of the poetry in this compilation was written by Bryuskov himself. He saw the goal of art in the expression "movement of the soul". He contemplated the secrets of the human soul and the identity of the artist. With his participation, the publishing house "Scorpion" (1899 - 1916) began publishing the almanac "Northern Lights". By 1903 Bryusov had practically become the literary chief of the entire publishing house and began preparing the organization of a magazine devoted exclusively to Symbolist material, in an effort to unite all practitioners of "the new art". The magazine began publication in 1904 under the Symbolic title "Vesy," meaning "balance" or "scales".
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Russian Futurism, like Italian Futurism, began as a revolt against the symbolist movement in Russia. The Russian Futurists split into two sub-schools: Cubo-Futurism and Ego-Futurism. Cubo-Futurism called for a broadening of the language with arbitrary and derived words. Major poets of this movement included: David Burliuk (1882-1967), Aleksej Krucenyx (1886-1968), Vladimir Majakovski (1893-1930), and Viktor (Velemir) Khlebnikov (1885-1932).
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By the 1900's, he really had become the recognized theorist and leader of the Symbolist movement. In 1894, he founded a literary school, and published a book of poetry called "Russian Symbolists, Volume 1". Two more volumes followed this one. Bryusov printed his early poems under a pseudonym. Then he published his translation of Verlena's book "Romance without Words".
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Russian Symbolist Movement