LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Symbolism in Literature: Art
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Symbolism in literature is distinct from Symbolism in art although the two overlapped on a number of points. There were several, rather dissimilar, groups of Symbolist painters and visual artists, among whom Gustave Moreau, Odilon Redon, Pierre Puvis de Chavannes, Henri Fantin-Latour, Edvard Munch, F?licien Rops, and Jan Toorop were numbered. Symbolism in painting had an even larger geographical reach than Symbolism in poetry, reaching several Russian artists, as well as figures such as Elihu Vedder in the United States. Auguste Rodin is sometimes considered a Symbolist in sculpture.
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During the 2003–04 school year, participating students in grades 2 through 12 explored such diverse subjects as symbolism in literature and art, immigration and cultural heritage, bridges, ecosystems, mythology, local communities, and memoir. These explorations utilized art on view at the Guggenheim in the exhibitions James Rosenquist: A Retrospective, Singular Forms (Sometimes Repeated): Art from 1951 to the Present, Boccioni's Materia, and the Thannhauser Collection, as well as the museum's unique Frank Lloyd Wright architecture. This exhibition includes examples of various stages of student work, reflecting the instruction, thought, and invention that preceded the final pieces.
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Symbolism had some influence in music as well. Many Symbolist writers and critics were early enthusiasts for the music of Richard Wagner, a fellow student of Schopenhauer. The Symbolist aesthetic had a deep impact on the works of Claude Debussy. His choices of libretti, texts, and themes come almost exclusively from the Symbolist canon: in particular, compositions such as his settings of Cinq po?mes de Baudelaire, various art songs on poems by Verlaine, the opera Pell?as et M?lisande with a libretto by Maurice Maeterlinck, and his unfinished sketches that illustrate two Poe stories, The Devil in the Belfry and The Fall of the House of Usher, all indicate that Debussy was profoundly influenced by Symbolist themes and tastes. His best known work, the Pr?lude ? L'apr?s-midi d'un faune, was inspired by a poem by Mallarm?, L'apr?s-midi d'un faune.
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In the English speaking world, the closest counterpart to Symbolism was Aestheticism; the Pre-Raphaelites... were contemporaries of the earlier Symbolists, and have much in common with them. Symbolism had a significant influence on Modernism and its traces can be seen in a number of modernist artists, including T. S. Eliot, Wallace Stevens, Conrad Aiken, Hart Crane, and William Butler Yeats in the anglophone tradition and Rubén Darío in Hispanic letters. The early poems of Guillaume Apollinaire have strong affinities with Symbolism.
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Philosophy in a new key : a study of the symbolism of reason, rite and art / by Susanne K. Langer. Langer, Susanne, 1895-1985. Cambridge, Mass : Harvard University Press, 1957. 313p ; 22cm.
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Symbolism in literature is distinct from Symbolism in art although the two overlapped on a number of points. In painting, Symbolism was a continuation of some mystical tendencies in the Romantic tradition, which included such artists as Caspar David Friedrich, Fernand Khnopff and John Henry Fuseli and it was even more closely aligned with the self-consciously dark and private Decadent Movement.
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