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Suriname: Suriname River
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Suriname is a sparsely populated country of 493,000 inhabitants living within 163,820 square kilometers, an area slightly larger than Georgia. Eighty-five percent of the population lives in urban and semi-urban areas along the Atlantic coastal zone. Approximately 33,000 Maroons (descendants of escaped African slaves) and 7,000 Amerindians, the principal inhabitants of Suriname's interior, are faced with many problems affecting their socio-economic development. Rural communities are located primarily on rivers and are isolated from the national capital because of poor and infrequent transportation. The rural communities' social structure is well-defined, effective, and follows indigenous Amerindian and African traditions. Both the Amerindian and Maroon communities are faced with such problems as lack of basic education, healthcare, proper nutrition, and employment.
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The Republic of Suriname, more commonly known as Suriname or Surinam, (formerly known as Netherlands Guiana and Dutch Guiana) is a country in northern South America, in between French Guiana to the east and Guyana to the west. The southern border is shared with Brazil and the northern border is the Atlantic coast. The most southern parts of the borders with Guyana and French Guiana are disputed (upper Corantijn and Marowijne rivers—the map shows the Guyana and Guiana versions of the border).Template:Infobox Country
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The Central Suriname Nature Reserve (CSNR) protects some of the most remote, ancient, and pristine wilderness on Earth. It comprises more than 1.6 million hectares of primary tropcial forest. The Reserve forms a corridor linking the three most important protected areas in central Suriname: the Raleighvallen Nature reserve in the north, and the Tafelberg and Eilerts de Hann Gebergte Nature Reserves in the central and southern portion of the corridor. The area —an area the size of New Jersey— protects the watershed of one of Suriname's most important river systems, the Coppename River, where there are countless varieties of flora and fauna, many of them endemic. The Raleighvallen Nature Reserve is one of the most important protected areas in South America. Vegetation there consists mostly of moist highland forest, the same forest that covers approximately 80 percent of Suriname.
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Guyana and Suriname are located side by side on the northeastern coast of South America, between French Guyana and Venezuela. The exact position of the ocean boundary between them had long been a subject of disagreement, but did not erupt into real conflict until exploratory tests revealed potentially huge deposits beneath the sea bed. Suriname had asserted a boundary further to the north and west, while Guyana had relied on the more widely accepted "equidistance line" method of determining the boundary, which placed it further to the south and east. The result was a cone-shaped area of uncertain sovereignty with its apex at the mouth of the Corentyne River, which separates the two nations.
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Paramaribo, the 17th-century capital of Suriname, is graced with attractive Dutch, French, Spanish and British colonial architecture. Imposing brick buildings overlook grassy squares and wooden houses crowd narrow streets. Towering palms shade some areas and mangroves still hug the riverside. Mosques and synagogues sit side by side, while Javanese vendors peddle satay and Dutch-speaking Creoles guzzle beer at sidewalk cafés. Central Paramaribo's focus is the Onafhankelijksplein (Unity Square), fronting the Presidential Palace. Immediately behind the palace is the Palmentuin, an attractive park with tall palms inhabited by tropical birds.
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Suriname’s long-standing maritime border dispute with Guyana was settled in September 2007 when the UN Tribunal on the Law of the Sea awarded two-thirds of the disputed area to Guyana. Suriname still claims territory between New (Upper Corentyne) and Corentyne/Kutari (Koetari) rivers (all headwaters of the Corentyne). French Guiana disputes the area between Riviere Litani and Riviere Marouini (both headwaters of the Lawa). Suriname is a trans-shipment point for illicit South American drugs destined for Europe and Brazil. It is ... a trans-shipment point for arms-for-drugs dealing.
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