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Sulfur: Plants
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Sulfur cinquefoil (Potentilla recta L., Rosaceae) is an introduced perennial weed that is rapidly spreading throughout parts of Montana. The plant, first reported in the state in 1948, has now been reported in 19 counties in the western 3/5 of the state. Apparently, only limited infestations of sulfur cinquefoil occur in eastern Montana, with the exception of Bighorn County which contains over 30,000 acres of the plant. Sulfur cinquefoil is co-dominant with spotted knapweed at many sites and appears to be replacing knapweed in some areas of western Montana. The plant is unpalatable to most livestock, possibly because of a high tannin content.
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Sulfur is one of the components that make up proteins and vitamins. Proteins consist of amino acids that contain sulfur atoms. Sulfur is important for the functioning of proteins and enzymes in plants, and in animals that depend upon plants for sulfur. Plants absorb sulfur when it is dissolved in water. Animals consume these plants, so that they take up enough sulfur to maintain their health.
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Sulfur deficient fields exhibit a general yellowing and stunting of wheat plants. Sulfur deficiency may easily be confused with nitrogen deficiency. On wheat, older leaves tend to exhibit more yellowing than upper leaves for nitrogen deficiency. Sulfur deficiency generally results in the lower leaves remaining a more pale green. It is difficult to distinguish nitrogen deficiency from sulfur deficiency on wheat.
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Sulfur is used medicinally because of its widespread use in sulfa drugs and in skin ointments. Sulfur is used in the production of matches, vulcanized rubber, dyes , gunpowder, and ... for fungicide on plants.
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Sulfur distribution On average, the sulfur concentration at the surface of the Earth is estimated to be of the order of 520 ppm. It varies in rocks between 270 and 2400 ppm. In fresh water, it is 3.7 ppm on average. In sea water, it reaches 905 ppm. In temperate regions, it varies between 100 and 1500 ppm in soil (Ehrlich, 1996). However, its concentration in plants is usually low.
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Sulfur is of great economic importance in fungicidal plant sprays, the vulcanization of rubber, and the production of sulfuric acid. It is a poor conductor of electricity and with friction becomes negatively charged. The warmth of the hand will cause crystals to expand at the surface and crack. Specimens should be kept out of sunlight, out of severe cold, and handled as little as possible.
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