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Stalking: Persons
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Stalking is a series of acts by another person that harasses you (for example repeated phone calls or repeated incidents of following you) and makes you fear for your safety. In California, it is a crime. Cyber stalking is a relatively newer form of harassment. This includes excessive emails or other electronic communications conveying threats.
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Stalking is a repetitive pattern of unwanted, harassing or threatening behavior committed by one person against another. Acts include: telephone harassment, being followed, receiving unwanted gifts, and other similar forms of intrusive behavior. All states and the Federal Government have passed anti-stalking legislation. Definitions of stalking found in state anti-stalking statutes vary in their language, although most define stalking as "the willful, malicious, and repeated following and harassing of another person that threatens his or her safety" (1).
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Stalking generally refers to harassing or threatening behavior that an individual engages in repeatedly toward another. The National Violence Against Women (NVAW) Survey defines stalking as "a course of conduct directed at a specific person that involves repeated visual or physical proximity, nonconsensual communication, or verbal, written or implied threats, or a combination thereof, that would cause a reasonable person fear." In this definition, “repeated” means occurring on two or more occasions.
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Stalking is a form of violence that most often happens to women. It is known as "criminal harassment" in criminal law. According to Section 264 of the Criminal Code of Canada, criminal harassment can involve repeatedly following, communicating with, watching, and/or threatening a person either directly or through someone a person knows. A person being stalked must fear for their own safety or the safety of someone they know in order for charges to be laid.
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Stalking is the willful, malicious or repeated harassment or following of another person that would cause a reasonable person to feel alarmed or to suffer emotional distress. In general, stalking refers to repeated harassing and/or threatening behavior by an individual.
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Within three years[17] thereafter, every state in the United States and some other common-law jurisdictions followed suit to create the crime of stalking, under different names such as criminal harassment or criminal menace. The Driver's Privacy Protection Act (DPPA) was enacted in 1994 in response to numerous cases of a driver's information being abused for criminal activity, examples such as the Saldana and Schaeffer stalking cases.[19][20] The DPPA prohibits states from disclosing a driver's personal information without consent by State Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV). The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006[21] made stalking punishable under the Uniform Code of Military Justice (UCMJ). The law took effect on 1 October 2007.[22] This law brings the UCMJ in line with federal laws against stalking. Laws against stalking in different jurisdictions vary, and so do the definitions. Some make the act illegal as it stands, while others do only if the stalking becomes threatening or endangers the receiving end.
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