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Spectroscopy
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Spectroscopy is a very important tool in astronomy. It is detailed study of the light from an object. Light is energy that moves through space and can be thought of as either waves or particles. The distances between the peaks of the waves of light are called the light's wavelength. Light is made up of many different wavelengths. For example, visible light has wavelengths of about 1/10th of a micrometer - ten thousand wavelengths would be the width of a dime.
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Spectroscopy is the measurement of the absorption, scattering, or emission of electromagnetic radiation by atoms or molecules. Absorption is the transfer of electromagnetic energy from a source to an atom or molecule. Scattering is the redirection of light as a result of its interaction with matter. Emission is the transition of electromagnetic energy from a one energy level to another energy level that results in the emission of a photon.
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From its very beginnings, the Spectroscopy Laboratory has recognized that world-class research requires state-of-the-art equipment. As a result, the Laboratory strives to maintain a diverse collection of laser systems for the purpose of fundamental and applied research in modern optics and spectroscopy. In addition, the Spectroscopy Laboratory houses two independently funded research facilities, the Laser Biomedical Research Center (LBRC) and the MIT Laser Research Facility (LRF). Although these two facilities have different missions and operate in parallel within the Laboratory, researchers benefit from these facilities by sharing technical information and equipment.
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Spectroscopy was originally the study of the interaction between radiation and matter as a function of wavelength λ. In fact, historically, spectroscopy referred to the use of visible light dispersed according to its wavelength, e.g. by a prism. Later the concept was expanded greatly to comprise any measurement of a quantity as function of either wavelength or frequency. Thus it ... can refer to interactions with particle radiation or to a response to an alternating field or varying frequency ν. A further extension of the scope of the definition added energy E as a variable, once the very close relationship E=hν for photons was realized. A plot of the response as a function of wavelength — or more commonly frequency — is referred to as a spectrum; see also spectral linewidth.
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Hollow cathode lamps, for use in Atomic Absorption (AA) Spectroscopy, laser wavelength calibration (opto-galvanic effect) and for Smith-Heiftje background correction, come in single, two, three, four and six element lamps. These lamps are available in 1½ “ and 2” data coded and non data coded versions for all manufacturers’ instrumentation including Perkin Elmer, Varian, Shimadzu, GBC, Hitachi, Unicam, Thermo Jarrell-Ash, Zeiss and others.
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Spectroscopy has great potential to enhance military and defense capabilities. Both chemical and biological warfare agents are detectable, and potentially identifiable, by spectroscopic imaging. New technology involving fiber optic systems and lasers that can quickly change frequencies provides the opportunity to miniaturize spectroscopic equipment. Systems are currently being developed, which will take this technology into the battle-field in order to target surface and ground contamination by chemical and biological weapons. Spectroscopic examination can ... aid in the identification and measurement of subcellular processes, such as carbon dioxide production or oxygen use. These measurements facilitate the understanding of cell growth, cellular response to environmental stimuli, and cellular reactions to drugs and biological and chemical warfare agents.
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Spectroscopy