LYCOS RETRIEVER 
Somaliland: Somaliland National
built 628 days ago
Despite its admirable efforts at the beginning of 1991, Somaliland was not without its clan warfare. The Issaqs, who were more or less the dominant group, split and argued over the meagre remains of the monetarised economy, consisting mainly of revenue from the ports, roads and airports (8). After two clan wars (in 1992 and 1994-95), the situation developed differently from that in the south. Because the xir conflict resolution system had survived, it was possible to hold Somali-style peace conferences and reach settlements which fitted in with the national culture. Large regional assemblies managed to impose payment of the blood price (mag), a combination of material compensation and symbolic restoration of honour which is the only way to stop clan warfare.
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Somaliland has its own money, its own flag, its own national anthem and even its own passport. " - And we have peace, a peace owned by the community," said Zamzam Adan, a women’s rights activist. “You’d think in this part of the world, that would count for something.”
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![[Earlier Somaliland flag]](http://retrieverimages.lycos.com/images/s/o/m/somaliland/i/000.gif)
The Republic of Somaliland (which isn't recognized as independent by the independent nations) has a National Charter (Constitution). In Article 1 - Section D and E - are described the national symbols of the republic. It's not yet known when the National Charter went into force.
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Known as British Somaliland until it achieved independence on June 26, 1960, the new government of Somaliland, after five days of independence, agreed to join with former Italian Somalia. The two territories united on July 1, 1960, to form the Somali Republic. The idea of unity had been discussed during the year leading up to independence on the basis that Somalis are the same people, speak the same language and have a common religion. Often called northwest Somalia after unification, Somaliland's merger with Somalia was not easy, and problems developed almost immediately. There was a national referendum in June 1961 to approve a provisional constitution for the Somali Republic in the absence of an act of union. The leading political party in the northwest, the Somali National League, boycotted the referendum.
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More importantly Somaliland has built a strong democratic society that seamlessly passed the test last year with the death of President Mohamed Egal. Within hours of confirmation of his death in Pretoria, Vice President Kahin was sworn in as national leader. Both Egal and Kahin had been nominated by a council of elders in 1993 that re-elected Egal in 1997. Kahin faced a full electorate in the country’s first presidential elections on April 14 this year. International observers, including South Africans, declared the presidential elections as “peaceful, orderly and transparent.”
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Somaliland is not known to have ever produced or exported antipersonnel mines. The Ministry of Defense of Somaliland claims that its national army has not purchased or transferred any landmines since reconstituting its National Army in 1991, but admits that large stocks of landmines have been inherited from the now disbanded army of the Somali Democratic Republic.5 Most of these stocks are thought to be in the hands of militia or private individuals.6 The government has not programmed the destruction of its landmine stocks.7 Somaliland does not appear to be a transit point for landmines.
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Somaliland National